Nature and History in the Potomac Country: From Hunter-Gatherers to the Age of Jefferson

Index

agriculture, colonial, 106, 109–11, 143, 177; character of, 111–15; and coastal plain, 241; diversification of, 157, 158, 220, 241; and exchange economy, 220–21; failures in, 157, 166; and interior settlements , 217–22, 237, 241; and Native agriculture, 113–15, 117, 120; productivity of, 128; Tidewater vs. interior, 219. See also England; tobacco cultivation agriculture, Native American, 12, 28, 46; and chiefdoms , 48; development of, 26–30; and England, 113–15, 117, 120; and foraging, 31; and landscape, 65; and Little Ice Age, 12, 31, 45, 143–44; methods of, 39–40; and migrations, 32–33, 47; and population , 32–34; and seasonal life, 35; and settlements, 27, 62, 63, 64; and subsistence, 39–40, 41–42; and tribute, 44; and weather, 40 Alexandria, Virginia, 227, 235, 236, 239–41, 243, 250 Algonquians: in Chesapeake region, 48; and Iroquoians, 3–4, 144; and Iroquois, 151–52, 156, 158–59; language of, 4; nations of, 4; population of, 102; and Susquehannocks, 152, 156, 158–59, 169; as term, xiii. See also Native American(s) Allerton, Isaac, 126, 147 Anacostia River, 139, 252 Andros, Edmund, 153, 170 Anglo-French war (1744–48), 228 Anglo-Powhatan War, 86–91, 94, 97–98, 100, 104, 121, 136 Antietam Creek, 19, 183, 198, 214, 231 Appalachian Mountains, 3, 19, 94, 250, 251 Aquia Creek, 62–63, 64, 65, 82, 114, 134 Augusta County, Virginia, 204, 208, 223, 231 Bacon, Nathaniel, 148, 149, 150, 151 Baconites, 149, 150, 156 Bacon’s Rebellion, 149–50, 151, 169, 185 Baltimore, 235, 236, 241 Bennett, Richard, 104, 105 Berkeley, William, 105, 106, 147, 149, 150, 185 Beverley, Robert, 37, 38, 44 Beverley Manor, 202, 203, 204, 234 Blue Ridge Mountains, 19, 175, 187, 189, 204, 213 Borden Tract, 202, 208 Braddock, Edward, 230, 231, 232, 234 Brent, Giles, 134, 135, 137, 147 Brent, Mary, 134 Brooke, Robert, 197, 223, 224 Burnaby, Andrew, 216, 236, 239 Calvert, Cecilius, Second Lord Baltimore: and agriculture, 109, 110; Bennett’s denunciation of, 105; and Fleet, 98; and fur trade, 102; and Irish uprising, 103–4; and Kent Island, 100–101; and Maryland, 97, 106, 121; and Massawomecks, 99; and Susquehannocks, 145–48; and tayacs, 108–9 Calvert, Charles (governor), 156, 192–93, 195, 198 Calvert, Charles, Fifth Lord Baltimore, 191, 199, 206, 225 Calvert, Charles, Third Lord Baltimore, 155, 163 Calvert, George, First Lord Baltimore, 92, 93, 94, 97 Calvert, Leonard, 98, 101, 102, 104 Calvert, Philip, 136, 139, 144 Calvert, Tom, 159, 164 Calvert family, 162 Canasatego, 207, 209 Carlyle, John, 234, 239 Carroll, Charles (of Annapolis), 189, 198, 237 Carroll, Dr. Charles, 189 Carroll Creek, 198, 225 Carrollton Manor, 237 Carter, Robert, 197 Cartlidge, Edmond, 182, 192, 193, 194, 198 Cartlidge, John, 182, 192, 193, 194 Catawbas, 168, 182, 183, 184, 186, 191, 203, 208 Catholics, 97, 103, 104, 105, 106, 160; Protestant fears of conspiracy by, 151, 154, 155, 161–65, 207 Catoctin Creek, 19 Catoctin Mountain, 19, 223 i n d e x 332 Index Charles County, Maryland, 128–29, 138, 139–41, 158 Charles I, 92, 100, 104, 196, 200, 201, 202 Charles II, 155 Chartiere, Martin, 181–82, 184 Cherokees, 182, 183, 184, 203, 232, 235 Chesapeake Bay, 3, 16, 20, 81, 85–86, 106, 241, 249 Chicacoans, 4, 53, 82, 87, 114, 121, 127 Chopawamsic Creek, 63 Choptico Bay, 127 Choptico River, 133 Chopticos, 127–28, 138, 143, 153, 158, 159, 167, 168–70 Claiborne, William: and Anglo-Powhatan War, 104; and Fleet, 95, 96, 98, 100; and fur trade, 92; and Northern Neck, 121; and Palmer’s Island, 101, 102; and Susquehannocks, 93–94, 98, 99, 101, 105, 106 climate change. See Little Ice Age; Medieval Optimum Coan River, 22–23 coastal plain, 181, 241; inner, 17, 22, 46, 48, 53, 242, 243, 250, 254–55; outer, 17, 22, 98, 242, 243, 254–55 Conestoga, 182, 183, 191 Conestogas: and Indian traders, 182; and interior settlements, 190, 195, 198, 199, 204; and Iroquois, 188; raids by, 187; and Susquehanna River, 172. See also Susquehannocks Conococheague Creek, 233, 234, 236; and colonial settlements, 214, 220, 222; and Native open domain , 24; and north-south travel, 47, 183; topography of, 19 Conoys, 182, 183, 188, 207, 210, 245; and interior settlements , 190, 195, 199, 203. See also Piscataways Cornwallis, Thomas, 100, 101 Covenant Chain treaties, 156, 159, 169, 193 Craig, John, 203, 210–12, 214, 215 Croshaw, Raleigh, 87–90, 89 Cumberland Valley: and exchange economy, 221; and northern migration, 47; population of, 213; and...