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Abanime, Emeka P., 143 abolitionist movement, 199; and Africans defined as slaves, 10; Encyclopédie’s abolitionist articles, 24, 182–86, 195, 220; Frossard’s role in, 202–4; Grégoire’s role in, 273n158; Jaucourt’s “Traite des nègres,” 182–85, 195, 220; and slavery ’s effects on Africans’ intellect, 202; slavery’s effects on rational capacity, writings on, 202; Valmont de Bomare’s role in, 165–66. See also anti-slavery movement Académie royale des sciences de Bordeaux essay contest, 2, 11, 21, 81–87, 239nn25–26, 239n31, 240n40. See also specific writers accidentalism, 95, 107, 118, 243n79 Achebe, Chinua, 217 Adanson, Michel, 200, 269n107 Adorno, Theodor W., 217, 274n12 Afonso V (king of Portugal), 32 African Association (Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa), 70, 237n127 Africanist discourse: after 1740, 11–15, 227–28nn26–30, 228n36, 228n38; eighteenth-century, overview of, 18–26, 229nn49–50, 229–30nn52–54, 230n58; “facts” (1750–1770) (see under difference); secrecy in, 32, 231n7. See also travel writing, African; and specific writers African religions/belief systems, 152, 257–58n127 Age of Explorations, 29–30 air-based national dispositions, 134. See also climate (air) theory “Airs, Waters, and Places” (Hippocrates), 80, 134 albinos: accidentalist view of, 95, 243n79; albinism generally, 88, 90, 240n47, 242n71; blafards (pigmentless humans), 98–105, 100, 103, 175–76, 244n88, 245n108; the Chacrelas, 96–97; conceptual ambiguity of, 105; Encyclopédie on, 155; fertility/offspring of, 101–2, 242n74; Geneviève, 99–102, 100, 244n96, 245n103; Maupertuis on, 21–22, 90–95, 141, 241n53, 243n76; in Panama, 97; pathological/degenerative view of, 97–98, 104–5, 144, 175–76, 264n37; role in sameness and science, 21–23, 87–95, 141, 241nn52–53; in Sri Lanka, 96–97; Voltaire on, 142–45, 256n99 Albinus, Bernard Siegfried, 121 Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’. See Encyclop édie (Diderot and d’Alembert) Alvares, Francisco, 41, 232n43 Alvaro I (king of the Kongo), 38 Amazon-like warriors (Monomotapa), 41, 42 ami des hommes, L’ (Mirabeau), 179–81, 264nn46–47 Amiens, Treaty of, 209 an 2440, L’: Rêve s’il en fut jamais (L.-S. Mercier), 188–89, 266n76, 271n130 anatomy: anatomical data vs. scriptural accounts, 120; blackness investigated via (see under blackness); criticism of anatomizing Africanist discourse, xi; difference studied via, 120–25, 123, 249nn14–15, 250–51nn31–33 (see also blackness; climate theory); meanings Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations and tables. 296 Index anatomy (continued) of, 28, 230–31n65; and the new human sciences, 6; status of, 4, 6, 226n11 Anecdotes africaines (Dubois-Fontanelle), 119–20 Ansico/Anziques, 39, 150, 152, 257n122 Antigua, 49 anti-slavery movement: African writers’ role in, 203–4, 270n118; anti-slavery literary works (mid 1700s), 186–90, 266n71, 266n76 (see also Candide); anti-slavery novels, 270–71n127; Benezet’s role in, 199–201, 201, 269n107; Condorcet’s role in, 201–2, 204; and humanization/demystification of Africans, 200–203, 201, 206; and Jaucourt’s “Traite des nègres,” 182–85, 195; Mirabeau’s L’ami des hommes, 179–81, 264nn46–47; planters blamed for deficiencies of slaves, 204, 206, 270n127; Raynal’s Histoire des deux Indes, 194–99, 197, 268n93, 268n95, 268n97; reformist discourse, 195, 268n95; Saint-Lambert’s “Ziméo,” 188–90, 199; secular and religious strains of, 199–201, 201; Société des amis des noirs, 26, 199, 202–7, 213–14, 270n121, 270–71nn127–28; Valmont de Bomare on, 165–66. See also abolitionist movement Aravamudan, Srinivas, 230n63 Arawaks, 51 Arbuthnot, John: An Essay Concerning the Effects of Air on Human Bodies, 134 Aristotle, 80, 135, 242n72 Aruba, 49 Assemblée nationale, 204–5 Atlas or Geographical Description of the Regions, Countries and Kingdoms of the World (Mercator), 43 Augustine, Saint: City of God, 78, 238n11 Avity, Pierre d’: Les Estats, empires, royaumes , et principautez du monde, 43 Bal, Willy, 38, 232n41 Barbados, 49–50, 61, 200, 233n71, 235n88, 269n107 Barbados Act (1661), 55–56 Barbé-Marbois, François, 271n131 Barrère, Pierre, 258–59n133, 259n136; Dissertation sur la cause physique de la couleur des nègres, 2, 4, 83, 106, 122, 239n26, 239n33; Observations anatomiques, 123 Barros, João de, 41; Décadas da Asia, 36 Battel, Andrew, 32, 69; Strange Adventures, 88, 240n46 Baudry des Lozières, Louis-Narcisse, 167 Behn, Aphra: Oroonoko, 65, 187 Bellin, Jacques-Nicolas, 67 Bellini, Giovanni: The Drunkenness of Noah, 77 Benezet, Anthony, 10, 25, 186, 203–4, 222; A Caution and Warning, 199–200; Some Historical Account...

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