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Index
and Barlow, 225, 232, 246, and Franco-American crisis of 1797–1800, 223, 225, 231–32
Adams, John Quincy: expenses as minister to European Court, 335
parodies Barlow’s poem celebrating Lewis and Clark, 287
Advice to the Privileged Orders, Part I (1792), 144–46
Joseph Johnson imprisoned partially because of, 264
success of, 152
Advice to the Privileged Orders, Part II (1793), 165, 172–74, 175, 235
1794 ed., 230
“Advice to the Raven of Russia,” (1812), 363
Alsop, Richard, 71
Altoona, 229–30
American Philosophical Society, 284, 301, 336
addresses Barlow in 1805, 276
competes with Connecticut Courant, 65–66
publishes essay supporting Connecticut’s claim to Pennsylvania lands, 98
publishes verse, 63, 71, 73–74, 80
review of The Vision of Columbus in, 93
Amiens, Treaty of, 260, 261, 263
war resumes with collapse of, 269, 270, 272
The Anarchiad, 81–84. See also Hartford Wits
Armstrong, John: circulates scurrilous story about Barlow, 367–68
and Newburgh conspiracy, 59
occupies Barlow’s mansion in Paris, 272
opposes Barlow’s appointment as minister to France, 325, 333
returns from France in 1810, 322
sows factionalism among Americans in Paris, 334
Ashmore, Thomas, 191
Assignats, depreciation of, 137, 188, 217
Babcock, Elisha: partnership with Barlow, 62–63
problems encountered in post-war recession, 67–68
publishing ventures of partners, 65–66, 68–71
relationship with Barlow, 190, 276, 277
termination of partnership, 75–76.
See also American Mercury
Bacri, Joseph Coen, 201
Bacri, Micayo: advises punctual tribute payments, 205
Barlow’s suspicions about, 201, 216
as commercial partner with Barlow, 211–13
enables Barlow to ransom sailors, 206–07
guarantee of cargo by Barlow, 212, 216
Baldwin, Abraham: accused of betraying his religion, 238
advises Barlow to become army chaplain, 39
Barlow’s March 4 letter to, 225, 232
cares for Barlow during illness, 47
correspondence with Barlow, 103, 119, 123, 188–89
death of, 287
declining health of, 274
declines offer of Yale professorship, 50
as Georgia senator, 126
mediates between Ruth and her father, 52
member of Philadelphia Convention, 31
member of the Senate committee considering Barlow’s national institute proposal, 283
puts half-brothers through Yale, 31
recommends Barlow and Monroe to each other, 194
response to learning of sister’s secret marriage, 51–52
suggests Barlow write a history of French Revolution, 192
supports Barlow’s ambitions, 33, 35, 37
supports Ruth joining Barlow in Europe, 126
thinks about retiring from Congress, 252
Yale tutor, 19
accompanies Barlows to Europe, 330, 332
befriended by Ruth, 311
denounces Warden after Barlow’s death, 365
marries George Bomford, 367
reminded by Ruth of the burdens of matrimony, 311–12
teased by Barlow, 354
Baldwin, Dudley: befriends Barlow, 31, 37
death of, 188–89
hospitality of, 43, 47, 107, 126
lawyer in Greenfield, 41
mediates between Ruth and her father, 52
Barlow seeks postal appointment for, 314
befriended by Ruth, 311
in congress and on Supreme Court, 31
Baldwin, Lucy, 31
death of, 188–89
Baldwin, Michael, 30
Barlow’s strategy to win approval of, 44
opposes Barlow’s courting Ruth, 31, 43, 113
response to Ruth’s secret marriage, 52
Baldwin, Michael, Jr., 31
Baldwin, Theodora Dudley, 31, 311
Bank of Washington, 315–16
reluctant to empower Stephen Barlow as agent, 316–17
Banks, Sir Joseph, 109
Barbary states: piracy of, 1, 71, 175, 196
suppression of, 210
Barère, Bertrand, 179
Baring Brothers, 217
and Federalist enemies, 252
provides Barlow with accommodation, 50–51, 56
settlement of, 10
shareholder in Ohio Company, 103
supports Barlow’s MA program, 33
Barlow, Aaron, Jr., 314
loses vessel, 315
Barlow, Daniel, 7
Barlow, Esther, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14
death of, 15–16
Barlow, Gershom, 21
death of, 330
diminished fortunes of, 103, 105–6
Barlow, James, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16
Barlow, Joel: accused of abandoning his religion, 71, 238, 301
addresses Constituent Assembly, 129
admission to the bar, 77–78
aversion to war, 176, 305, 344–47, 349, 352, 357, 360–61
banking activities of, 315–16, 317
candidate for National Convention, 159
charter broker in Hamburg, 186, 191–92
childlessness of, 63–64, 79, 106
and Christianity, 25–26, 48, 51, 92, 238, 297–98
commercial interests of, 142, 159–52, 165, 183–85, 186–87, 191–92, 198, 211–12, 217, 218, 226, 229–30, 239–41, 270
contribution to The Anarchiad, 81, 83, 94
critical of the Directory, 222, 234, 241–42
critique of funding systems and public debts, 174, 175, 235, 246
Dartmouth career, 12–14
death of, 364
defends French Revolution, 1, 114, 130, 150–51, 176, 189, 234
defends Miranda, 168
early years, 8–9
encourages Ruth’s intimacy with Robert Fulton, 250–51, 262
explores writing a history of the French Revolution, 192
farewell letter to Ruth (1796), 2–4, 132, 187
favors commercial measures against Britain, 176, 234–35
favors reformulation of law of nations, 234–35, 243–44, 247
and federal Constitution, 94–95, 109–10, 189, 345
as forward-looking entrepreneur, 188, 199, 314, 317
and France’s acquisition of Louisiana, 164, 165, 178, 261
and Franco-American crisis (1797–1800), 223, 224–27
French citizenship of, 1–2, 156, 230, 241
French mission of 1811–1812, 5, 323, 325–26, 329–64
gentry aspirations of, 30, 46–47, 63, 167, 190, 257–58
and imprisonment for debt, 120, 137, 154, 256
and Jay Treaty, 194, 206, 207, 225, 234, 235
journey to Vilna (1812), 358–60
as land speculator, 47, 103, 106, 274, 317, 367
and Louis XVI, 72, 73–75, 89, 171
memorandum of February 1799 to the Directory, 232
military tour in 1776, 20
mission to Algeria, 1–2, 197–214, 216–17
moves to Hamburg, 181
and Napoleon, 242, 252, 260, 273, 331, 351, 352, 362
negotiations with Tripoli, 207–8, 214
negotiations with Tunis, 204, 209, 207, 214
obsessed with preserving America’s republicanism, 271, 275–77, 278, 281–82, 313–14, 318, 345
and Ohio Company, 103, 230, 258
Parisian real estate investments, 199, 252–54, 258, 270, 272
and Parker, Daniel, 108–9, 110–11, 112, 183, 218, 252, 272, 353–54
and perfectionism, 236, 244–45, 280, 281, 290, 318
and William Playfair, 114–17, 123, 124, 130, 135, 136, 165
preference for verse, 9, 146, 267
preparation for college, 10, 11–14
and privateering, 176, 242, 243, 249
prominence as republican ideologue, 162, 166, 171, 230, 266, 277
and proposal for national learned society, 255–56
provides for Ruth, 2–3, 57, 211, 367
on redemptive power of free commerce, 48–49, 92–93, 175, 222, 234, 273, 293
and religious establishments, 145, 154
responds to Grégoire’s Critical Observations, 297–98
responds positively to Britain, 265–66
response to criticism of early publishing ventures, 67, 70–71
revolutionary republicanism of, 142, 144–48, 152, 153–54, 159–60, 175, 176, 178, 192–93, 234–36, 243–47
rise to social celebrity, 111–12, 133–34, 140, 167, 227, 268–69, 354
role in Hartford Wits, 79
role in Prospectus of Compagnie du Scioto, 118–19
sanguine personality of, 8, 209
schooling of, in Redding, 8–9, 11
and Scioto Company, 103, 105–6, 108–11, 115, 117–18, 120–21, 122–23, 127–28, 142
searches for epic subject, 33–34
sea-sickness of, 107–8, 112–14, 123, 142, 148–49, 150, 152, 185, 202, 261, 275
seeks reassurance about reputation in America, 137, 142, 162
sees U.S. as redeemer of the world, 84, 236, 271, 280
sensitive to Britain’s vulnerabilities, 157, 176, 195, 228, 345
settles mother’s estate, 16
significance of life of, 4–5, 368–69
and slavery, 25, 154–55, 291–92, 307
slow to see damage of embargo to Republicans, 309
and Society of the Cincinnati, 61–62, 94–95
and Society for Constitutional Information, 148, 156
sojourn in Philadelphia, 284, 287–88
speculates in prizes under litigation, 258–59, 263–64
spoliations agreement with Dalberg, 356–57
straitened circumstances, 33, 34, 36, 134, 142–43, 156, 266
and Timothy Dwight, 36, 38, 278, 299, 301
utopian proclivities of, 173–74
vision of republican world order, 222, 234, 243–47, 293
visits European continent (April–June, 1792), 149–51
visits Jefferson at Monticello, 308
visits to and residence in London, 108, 132–33, 138–44, 263–66, 269–70, 272–73
will of, 367
works on history of American Revolution, 308, 318
Yale career, 15, 17–26, 30, 31, 33–34, 36, 38, 41, 49–50. See also Baldwin, Abraham
Barlow, Ruth (Baldwin)
Fulton, Robert
Barlow, Joel, works
—Poetry: The Columbiad (1807), 17, 22, 171, 268, 285–86, 289–302, 337, 360
Conspiracy of Kings (1792), 146–48, 152, 171
Elegy on the late . . . Titus Hosmer (1781), 51
The Hasty Pudding (1796), 160–62, 301–2
Poem celebrating the victory at Saratoga, in New-York Packet (1781), 50
Poem Spoken at Commencement (1781), 47–49
The Prospect of Peace (1778), 9–10, 24–26, 28, 29, 48
The Vision of Columbus (1787), 16–17, 36, 39, 46, 51, 53–58, 72–75, 76, 84–94, 103, 113, 231, 302
The Vision of Columbus (1793), 171, 177, 260
—Prose: Advice to the Privileged Orders,
Part I (1792), 144–46, 152, 264
Advice to the Privileged Orders, Part II (1793), 165, 172–74, 230, 235
“Letter addressed to Abraham Baldwin, Mar. 4, 1798,” 224–25
Letter Addressed to George Washington (1798), 231
Letter addressed to Henri Grégoire (1809), 297–99
Letter to the National Assembly . . . on the Defects of the Constitution (1792), 153–55, 230
Lettre addressé aux habitants du Piémont (1793), 159–60, 230
Memoir on certain principles of Public Maritime Law, containing a declaration of the rights of Nations (1799), 243
On certain political Measures . . . (1799–1800), 244–47
On the system of policy hitherto pursued by our government (1799), 233–36, 277
An Oration . . . July 4th, 1787, 94–95
An Oration . . . July 4, 1809, 313–14
Prospectus of a National Institution (1806), 279–83
A review of Robert Smith’s Address . . . (1811), 327–328 (see also individual entries for Barlow’s published works) —Translated or edited: M’Fingal (John Trumbull, 1792–93), 152, 175
New Travels (Brissot de Warville, 1792), 137–38, 148, 152
introduction to 2nd volume of New Travels, 1794 ed., 177
Volney’s Ruines (second half), 260
Watts’s Psalms (1785), 68–70
—Unpublished: “Advice to the Raven of Russia,”(1812), 363
“Dissertation on the divergence between natural and common or statute law” (1786), 77–78
fragment of an epic on Canals (1802?), 267
“On the Prospect of War with England” (1793), 175–76
“Sketch for a History of the French Revolution” (1795), 192–93
“Sketch for a History of the United States” (1809?), 318–19
Twelfth Anniversary poem addressed to Ruth (1793), 162
Barlow, Nathaniel, 7, 10, 13, 21
loyalist sentiments of, 11, 16
support of Joel’s candidacy for MA, 33
sickness of family, 56
Barlow, Ruth (Baldwin), 2
as ambassador’s wife, 334
Barlow’s advice for Atlantic crossing, 127
Barlow encourages intimacy with Robert Fulton, 250–51, 252, 262
Barlow invites her to join him in Europe, 114
Barlow remains faithful to Ruth during long separations, 114, 188, 210
befriends Mary Wollstonecraft, 148, 158
chooses to join Barlow in Europe, 126–27, 326
courtship of and secret marriage to Barlow, 32, 34, 35, 36–37, 38, 40, 41–44, 53
cultivates Madisons, 336, 347–48
death of, 367
difficulties with Harriet Livingston, 367
difficulties with stepmother, 31, 42
encourages Barlow in face of adversity, 3, 36–37, 132
feels neglected and abandoned, 128, 158, 201
good financial sense, 218
growing intimacy with Clara Baldwin, 311–12
health problems of, 63–64, 130, 132, 165, 226, 249, 262, 272, 275, 303, 306, 308, 316, 317, 354
initial dislike of Paris, 133–34, 140, 158
lives with other women during the Terror, 178
management of legation after Barlow’s death, 364–65
object of Barlow’s teasing endearments, 188, 210, 250, 361
offers Barlow her love, 31
prefers London to Paris, 148
provision made for, by Barlow, 2–4, 106, 107, 126, 367
regrets Barlow’s appointment as minister to France, 325
reluctant to assume domestic duties, 199, 279
reluctant to join Barlow in France (1793), 163, 168, 169
respect accorded, 227, 297, 312–13
tension early in marriage, 41, 45, 63
trip to Holland (1793), 188
turns to Fulton for support in wake of Abraham’s death, 287
twelfth anniversary poem addressed to, 162
Barlow, Samuel, 6
death of, 330
distribution of property, 10
prefers Dartmouth to Yale, 11–12
Barlow, Samuel Jr., 7, 8, 10, 16, 17
Barlow, Stephen: Barlow’s efforts to recoup fortunes of, 306, 316–17
becomes indebted to Barlow, 314–15
Barlow, Thomas: accompanies Barlow on
authority as secretary of legation contested, 365
part of Barlow’s official family, 330
provision made for education of, 315, 334–35
Barthe, John Joseph, comte de, 122
Bartlett, Nathaniel, 10, 11, 37
Bassano, Hugues-Bernard Maret, Duke of: accepts American claims for spoliations, 356
and Barlow’s official reception, 339
declines to grant most of Barlow’s requests, 343–44
discusses outstanding issues with
Barlow before reception, 337–38
drags out negotiation of commercial treaty, 347, 352, 355
favors Warden over Thomas Barlow after Barlow’s death, 364
holds court in Vilna, 352, 360, 361
and St. Cloud Decree, 348–49, 355
Berlin Decree, 305
revocation of, 321, 322, 328, 344, 348–49
Blackden, Samuel (Col.), 114, 115
joins Barlow in addressing the Réunion section, 178
wife instructed to meet Ruth in London, 128
Bonaparte, Joseph, King of Spain, 340
Bonaparte, Josephine, 263
Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon
Bougainville, Louis-Antoine, 112
Brackenridge, Hugh, 29
Bradley, Eunice (Barlow), 7, 10
Bradley, Philip (Col.), 53
Bradley, Stephen R., 283
Breck, Samuel, 134
Brissot de Warville, Pierre, 223
as ally of Barlow’s, 112
Barlow unable to meet Craigie’s bill in favor of, 132
Barlow’s translation of New Travels (1792), 137–38, 148, 152
Barlow’s introduction to 2nd volume of New Travels, 1794 ed., 177
execution of, 177
founder of Ami des Noirs,155
participates in scheme to speculate in American debt, 110–11
as prominent Girondin leader loses power, 166
publisher of Patriote français, 150
British Club (of Paris), 157, 167, 168
Brothers in Unity, 18–19
Brown, William Hill, 93
Brunswick, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of, 149, 155
Bubonic plague, 2, 206, 210, 213
Buckminster, Joseph: as class tutor, 19–20, 23, 24, 33
enduring legacy of, 267
guides Barlow’s poetical ambitions, 26, 29–30, 33–34, 35, 37
Burke, Edmund: Reflections on the Revolution in France, 141, 142, 151
taunts Barlow in Parliament, 158
Burr, Aaron, 357
Cadore, Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Campagny, Duke of, 322
Cambacérès, Prince Jean-Jacques-Régis de, 357
Carey, Matthew, 230–31
Carlisle Commission, 33
Cathcart, James, 204
Cathlan, Stephen, 201, 215, 217, 219, 226
Chastelet, Achille du, 138
Cheetham, James, 278
Chesapeake, USS, 304
Chipman, Nathaniel, 18
Cincinnati, Society of the, 61–62, 94
Clapp, Thomas, 11
Clark, George Rogers, 164
Clarke, James Stanier, 171
Clavière, Étienne, 150
Clay, Henry, 338
Clinton, Dewitt, 309
Cloots, Anacharsis, 179
Coleridge, Samuel, 266
Columbiad, The (1807): composition of, 268
differs from The Vision of Columbus, 289–94
fails to enter canon of American literature, 301–2
illustrations for, 285–86
mentioned, 17, 22, 171, 337, 360
publication of, 289
reception of, 294–302
vision of secular millennium in, 293–94
Columbian Centinel, 233
Commission des subsistances, 184–85, 192, 265
Committee of Fifty, Barlow and, 242
Committee of Public Safety, 166, 178
Commutation, 57
hostility to, in Connecticut, 59–60, 61
Compagnie du Scioto, 115–19
denounced in the Parisian press, 124
exaggerations of its Prospectus, 118
offers terms that compete with Morris’s speculations, 125
problems in sending settlers to America, 120–21
replaced by de Barthe & Coquet, 130
transformed into a colonizing venture, 117. See also Vingt-quatre
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicholas
de Caritat, marquis de, 112
Confederation of the United States (1781–1787): Congress of denies Connecticut’s claim to Pennsylvania’s Wyoming Valley, 98
importance of land in finances of, 96, 98
scheme by to usurp the power to lay an impost, 58, 59
Connecticut: exempts Western Reserve from cession of lands claimed west of Pennsylvania, 98
postwar political ferment in, 61
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 301
aversion to publishing verse, 72, 80
becomes vehicle for abusing Barlow, 229, 236, 237, 238
publishes Barlow’s March 4 letter to Baldwin, 233
publishes Barlow’s May 23, 1795 letter to Fellows, 237. See also Hudson and Goodwin
Connecticut Republicans. See Republi-cans (Connecticut)
Conrad, A & C, 336
Conspiracy of Kings (1792), 146–48, 152, 171
success of, 152
Constitution (U.S. federal): ratification of, 95, 106, 107–8, 110
as republican model for Europe, 109–10
source of vulnerability, 346
success of lauded, 189
Constitution, USS, 320–30, 332
Continental army, 15, 20, 22, 27, 30
half-pay for officers of, 57–58. See also Commutation
Continental currency: appreciation of, 24
depreciation of, 20, 28, 34, 42, 68, 130, 175
Continental impost, Connecticut penalized by the absence of, 59
Convention of 1800 (Franco-American), 271, 304, 305
Coope, Rachel, 177
Copley, John Singleton, 90
Coquelin, Guillaume Louis Joseph, chevalier de, 116
Coquet, Marc Anthony, 130
Corday, Charlotte, 177
Cornwallis, Charles, the Earl: as depicted in The Columbiad, 290
Coxe, Tench, 287–88
Barlow poses as politically influential to, 314
Craig, Sir James, 348
Craigie, Andrew: draws on Barlow to cover Duer’s expenses, 132
sends Barlow money to return home, 137, 142
speculates in American debt, 104, 111
Crawford, William Henry, 356–57, 366
Crillon, Count de (the imposter), 348
de Cresse, Francis Denis, the real Count, 350, 351
Cutler, Manasseh, 100–101
favors Barlow as Scioto Company agent in Europe, 105
role in the Ohio Company, 101–3
Dabney, John R., 229–30
affects Robert Lyle’s solvency, 240–41
Daggett, Naphtalie, acting president of Yale, 14, 19, 20, 23
death of, 35
Dalberg, Emmerich Joseph von, duc de, 352–53,
and the spoliations agreement, 356–57
D’allarde, Pierre-Gilbert Leroy, partner in Swan & D’allarde, 184
Danbury Raid, 21–22
Danish depredations, 336, 342, 343, 360–61
Danton, Georges Jacques, 185
Dartmouth College, 11, 14, 30, 121
contrast with Yale, 17–18, 315
David, Jacques-Louis, 266
Dawson, John, 256
De Barthe & Coquet: contract with, 130–31
failure to meet terms of contract, 132, 133
Dennie, James, 294
defends Port Folio’s review of The Columbiad, 295
Directory: Barlow and Skipwith address conciliatory memorandum to, 232
changed by coup of Eighteen Fructidor, 219
fiscal policies of, 198, 217, 219, 239
precipitates Franco-American crisis (1797–98), 222–24
promotes conquests, 239
overthrown, 241–42
replaces National Convention, 197–198
“Dissertation on the divergence between natural and common or statute law” (1786), 77–78
dispatched to Leghorn, 205
treaty negotiated with the Algerian dey, 199, 202, 203
Dobrée, Pierre-Frédéric, 249
Douvalette, Louis Philippe, 130
Duer, William, 142
attempts to provide for French immigrants, 123
death of, 256
fate of bills drawn on Barlow, 124, 127–28, 131, 134
gives Barlow full power of attorney, 107
imprisoned for debt, 136–37
involved with competing speculations in the American debt, 111, 125
and Playfair, 135,
responds angrily to the protest of his bills, 133
reasons for distrust of Barlow, 105
role in creation of Ohio and Scioto Companies, 102, 103
vests Barlow with a share of the Scioto Company lands, 106
Dumouriez, Charles, 155, 158, 163, 164
betrays the French republic, 166, 168, 169
Dupont, Pierre Samuel, 366
Duportail, Louis Le Bègue Presle, 121, 131, 223
becomes minister of war, 135
emigrates to America, 136
Dwight, Mary, 127
Dwight, Theodore, 71
attacks Barlow’s religious belief, 299–300
Dwight, Timothy: and academy, 35–36, 38
The Conquest of Canaan, 29, 33, 58, 62, 69, 75, 295
religious reasons for alienation from Barlow, 278, 298
tutor at Yale, 19
version of the psalms supplants Barlow’s, 71
Ebeling, Christoph Daniel, 190
comments on Napoleon’s effect on European culture, 336–37, 354
Edinburgh Review, critique of The Columbiad, 294
Elegy on the late . . . Titus Hosmer (1781), 51
Eliza, 212
Ellsworth, Oliver, 242
Embargo, of 1807–1809, 306
consequences of modifying in 1809, 310
growing resistance to, 308–9
Eprémesnil, Duval d’, 121
Era of Good Feelings, 319, 346
Erskine, David, 310
agreement with Madison respecting the Nonintercourse Law, 311
Britain repudiates the Erskine Agreement, 321
Erving, George W., 347
as consul-general in Britain, 264–65, 273
as minister to Denmark, 361
summoned to Paris in the wake of Barlow’s death, 362, 366
Essex, USS, 325
Estaing, Charles Hector, comte d’, 27–28
Estates General, 108–9, 111, 112
transformed into the National Assembly, 113
Barlow’s suspicions of, 216
negotiates treaty with Tunis, 207
Farington, Joseph, 268
Federalist Party: abuses Barlow in press, 233, 238, 325, 350
embargo powers a political comeback, 309–10
favors alignment with Britain, 321, 329, 346
fiscal program draws Barlow’s criticism, 174–75, 195, 235
Henry letters impugn the loyalty of, 348
pernicious political tendency of perceived by Barlow, 308, 318–19
persecutes Connecticut’s Republicans, 252, 277
and the Quasi-War, 227–28, 231, 232, 259
receptive to Grégoire’s Critical Observations, 296–97
and slavery, 272
strategic vision of, 228, 300, 346
Fellows, John, 230–31, 236, 237
Fête de fédération, 129
Fitch, Ebenezer, 18
Flahaut, Adélaïde-Emilie Filleul, Countess de, 111
Foster, Augustus John, British minister to the U.S., 326, 328, 329
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin, 193
France: Catholicism of, 6
civil war within, 176, 183, 192
de-Christianization campaign of, 179, 180
expeditionary force in North America, 39, 42, 55, 56
growing xenophobia of, 168, 170, 177, 179, 185
influence her abandonment of republicanism has upon Barlow, 256, 258, 260–61, 272, 280, 313–14, 331
initiates general European war (1793), 163, 164
National Institute snubs Barlow, 301
operations of navy, 27–28, 50, 186, 239
recession of 1798–1799, 238–40
role in winning American independence minimized in The Columbiad, 290
threats of brigandage within, 200. See also French Revolution
Louisiana
Franklin, Benjamin, 4, 72, 90, 121, 126, 168
Barlow eschews diplomatic pose of, 334
Franklin, John, 99
Franks, David (Col.), 123
French Revolution: background of, 108–9
early phase of, 113
Eighteen Brumaire, coup of, 242
Eighteen Fructidor, coup of, 219
growing stability after Thermidor (fall of Robespierre), 193–94
impact on Britain, 141–42
increasing violence encourages emigration to America, 115, 116–18, 119, 130
judicial bloodletting of, 163
response to King’s attempted flight, 138–39, 150, 151
role of civic fetes in, 129. See also Girondins
Jacobin Club
Terror
French spoliations, 223, 227, 231, 232, 270, 328, 337, 343, 346, 349, 352, 386
Spanish proposal for compensating the U.S., 340–42
Freneau, Philip, 29
Friendship, 218–19, 226, 229, 240
Frost, John, 156, 157, 163, 169
Fulton, Robert: advises Barlow on his July 4th 1809 Oration, 314
assists Barlow during Franco-American crisis, 227
The Columbiad dedicated to, 289
commissions Barlow to act as his agent in Paris, 220, 222, 251, 263
contemplated marriage with an English woman opposed by Barlows, 283–84
escorts Ruth to Plombières, 262, 266
falling out with Benjamin West, 269
marriage to Harriet Livingston, 307, 366
ménage à trios with Barlows becomes sexual, 250, 262
mourns Barlow’s death, 366–67
paints idealized portrait of Barlow, 267–68, 289
partners with Robert Livingston, 262, 266–67, 285, 366
pledges financial support to Ruth after Barlow’s death, 366, 367
proposes merging Barlow and Fulton households, 307
proposes plan for disposing of Barlow’s Parisian mansion, 272
relationship with the Barlows, 219–21, 226, 262
remains in Britain, 273
shares Barlow’s vision of utopian republicanism, 284, 285, 293
and steam boats, 261–62
and submarines, 222, 229, 249–50, 251, 261, 272–73
supervises English engravings for The Columbiad, 285–86
technical demonstrations of, 229, 250, 251, 263, 269
tepid response to Barlow’s idea for canal poem, 267
withdraws family from Kalorama, 310
threatening letter to Pitt, 273
Gales, Joseph, 190
Gallatin, Albert, 275, 306, 318–19
Genêt, Edmund, 164
recall of, 166
Gerry, Elbridge, 223
Barlow’s characterization of, 225
continued negotiations of supported by Barlow, 227
Gilpin, Joshua, 336
Girondins, 227
commitment to free trade, 175
declare war on Austria-Hungary, 149
decline in power of, 150, 153, 155, 165–66, 167, 169, 183
execution of leaders, 177, 203
expulsion from National Convention, 166
plans to reacquire Louisiana, 164, 165–66
survivors re-admitted to National Convention, 193
Godwin, William, 143
Goodrich, Chauncey, 18, 47, 58, 62
Goodrich, Elizur, 18
Gore, Christopher, 264
Gouges, Olymp de, 177
Granger, Gideon: Barlow’s March 4, 1812, letter to, 350
partner in land speculation, 317, 367
pressed by Barlow about a postal appointment, 314
Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte de, 29
Graves, Adm. Samuel, 212
Gray, Ruhumah (Barlow), 8
Great Awakening, 6–7.
See also Second Great Awakening
Great Britain: arranges truce between Portugal and Algiers, 196, 202
blockades, orders-in-council, and trade restrictions of, 67, 175, 206, 229, 239, 304, 305, 309–10, 313, 320, 329, 337, 338, 345, 352
forces raid Connecticut, 20–21, 35, 49
impressments of American seamen by, 304, 321, 346
isolated after collapse of First Coalition, 197
principal strategic threat to the U.S., 1, 176
repression of radicals by, 149, 151, 157–58, 169
repudiates Erskine Agreement, 311
retains posts in the Northwest, 98, 100
revocation of her regulations restricting U.S. commerce, 344–45, 348
threatens France, 183, 185–86, 194, 197, 229, 239, 248
threatens freedom of the seas, 243, 265, 273.
See also High Court of Admiralty
Greene, George Washington, 107, 128
Barlow delivers to Lafayette, 108
sent home, 151
Greene, Nathaniel: death of, 62, 95
Grégoire, Henri: Critical Observations on the Poem of Joel Barlow, 296–97
defies the Terror, 180–81
facilitates Barlow’s defense against his criticism, 297–98, 299, 300
leads commission to Savoy, 158
Griffith, Thomas, 177
Guion, Isaac (Maj.), 123
Hamilton, Alexander, 4
and Barlow on retiring the debt, 123
de facto commander of the provisional army, 228
fiscal policy of, critiqued by Barlow, 174–75, 235–36
and prominent Frenchmen in the Vingt-quatre, 122
treatment of western lands in Report on Public Credit, 119, 124
unusual route into the law, 77
Hamilton, Lady Emma, 258
Hartford Wits: activities, 79–84
origins, 72
Hasan Pasha (dey of Algiers): agreement with for ransom of American sailors, 2, 196, 199, 202
descriptions of diverge from reality, 200
piracy of, 203, reasons for supporting U.S. against Tripoli and Tunis, 208–9
threatens war against U.S., 203, 205, 210
Hasty Pudding, The (1796), 160–62
Hayley, William, 266
invites the Barlows to visit, 139
shows interest in Barlow’s poetry, 171, 266
Hébert, Jacques-René, 166
Henry, John: Barlow’s opinion of, 350–51
significance of letters of, 348
Herculais, Allois d’, 206, 211, 216
Hichborn, Benjamin: partner in the voyage of the Cumberland, 182–83
High Court of Admiralty: adjudication of Barlow’s claim to Neptune, 269–70
Essex decision, 282
processing of American claims by, 263–65
Hillhouse, James, 283
Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d’, 237
Holmes, Richard, 267
Hopkins Grammar School, 11
Hopkins, Lemuel: and Barlow’s edition of Watts’s Psalms, 68
as friend and fellow Wit, 72, 79, 127, 236
role in The Anarchiad, 81
turns against Barlow, 71
Hosmer, Titus, 38
elegy celebrating life of, 51
Hôtel de la Trémoille, 252–54
Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 366
Howe, Admiral Richard, 27
Hudson and Goodwin, 69
invited to republish Our system of policy (1799), 236
publishes The Vision of Columbus, 75, 84
receptive to political verse, 88.
See also Connecticut Courant
Humboldt, Alexander von, 354
Humphreys, David: Barlow criticizes, 205–6
founder of Brothers in Unity, 18
leadership role in producing The Anarchiad, 79, 80–81, 83, 197
obstacles encountered in supporting Barlow’s Algerian mission, 202, 215
responsible for dealing with Barbary pirates, 1, 197–98, 199
supplies Barlow with funds, 206, 207, 217
supports Barlow’s poetic ambitions, 19, 39, 40, 55, 62
Hunt, Col. Samuel, 317
Hunt, Seth, 367
Imlay, Gilbert: betrays Wollstonecraft’s love, 168, 169, 187
business venture involving Barlow, 185, 186–87
and reacquisition of Louisiana by France, 164
Ingraham, Joseph, 214
Jacobin Club: banned, 188
rising influence of, 155, 166, 167
Jarvis, Leonard, 334
Jay, John, 4
negotiates treaty with Britain (1794), 175
Jay Treaty: affects Franco-American relations, 194, 206, 213, 222
commission to settle claims under Article VII of, 264
Jefferson, Thomas, 4
ambassador to France, 74
approach to the Barbary problem, 196
Barlow asks him to exempt William Lee from the embargo, 309
Barlow complains about the Smith brothers to, 320
eager to be rid of the presidency, 310
embraces embargo to buy time, 305–6
ignores Barlow’s proposal for a national academy, 282
invites the Barlows to Monticello, 276, 307
naval policy of, 306
receives Barlow’s proposal for a Polysophic Society, 255–56
receives a copy of The Vision of Columbus, 108
recipient of Barlow’s celebratory address (1789), 128, 149
response to Napoleon’s effort to retake Sainte Domingue, 260–61
response to pressures from the great powers, 304–5
as secretary of state, 111
sent copy of Barlow’s March 4 letter, 226
suggests Barlow do Kosciuszko a favor, 336
translates part of Volney’s Ruines, 259
urges Barlow to write history of American Revolution, 4, 143, 261, 274, 318
Jeffrey, Francis, 294
Johnson, Joseph: and Advice to the Privileged Orders, 165, 172, 264
focus for network of English radicals, 140
mentioned, 167
Jones, Capt. John Paul, 128
failed fusion of two families in, 308
furnishing and expansion of, 307–8
leased to Sérurier, 326
owned by family members until mid-1840s, 367
Klopstock, Friedrich Gottlieb, 190
Knox, Henry, 169
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, 268, 336, 354
Lafayette, Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de: commands French army, 149–50
efforts to get Louis XVI to accept dedication of The Vision of Columbus, 74
member of Club de Valois, 112
out of sympathy with Girondin government, 150
reveals existence of a real Count de Crillon, 350
suppresses Republican demonstration (1791), 139
takes charge of George Washington Greene’s education, 107, 108
visits Hartford (1284), 72–73
Lansdowne, John Petty, Marquis of, 109, 273
Lanthenas, François, 227
Lazaret of Marseilles, 200, 215
Leavenworth, Mark: background, 165
and proposal for French reacquisition of Louisiana, 178
partner in the Cumberland, 183
Leclerc, Charles-Victor-Emmanuel, 260
Lee, William: Armstrong’s story about Barlow and, 368
assists Ruth in shopping for Dolley Madison, 336
claims undeserved precedence as author of A Review of Robert Smith’s Address, 327
compromised by taking two salaries, 335, 365, 366
description of Barlows in 1810, 316, 317
partner with Barlow in commercial ventures, 226, 240, 270
partner with Barlow in western land speculation, 317
part of Barlow’s official family on Constitution, 330, 332
as secretary of legation in Paris, 334, 337
summoned to Paris after Barlow’s death, 364
mentioned, 236
Leopard, HMS, 304–5
“Letter addressed to Abraham Baldwin, Mar. 4, 1798,” 224–25
Letter Addressed to George Washington (1798), 231
Letter addressed to Henri Grégoire (1809), 297–99.
Letter . . . on the Defects of the Constitution of 1791 (1792), 153–55; 1793 ed., 230
Lettre addressé aux habitants du Piémont (1793), 159–60
English ed. (1795), 230
Lewis, Meriwether, 287
Lezay-Marnésia, Claude-François-Adrien, marquis de: as one of the Vingt-quatre, 122
pays for Scioto lands with champagne, 124
Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin: introduces Barlow to Confederation officials, 56
role in suppressing Shays’s Rebellion, 80, 83
role in The Vision of Columbus, 89
mentioned, 60
Linwood, Mary, 273
Livingston, Harriet: and dissatisfaction with Kalorama, 310
marries Robert Fulton, 307
tensions between Ruth and, 366
Livingston, Robert R.: death of, 366
interest in developing steamboat, 261–62
invites Barlows to Cleremont, 275
and Louisiana Purchase, 270
tensions with Fulton, 266–67, 269
mentioned, 268
Livingston, Gov. William, 79
Logan, George: hospitable to Barlows, 289
peace mission of 1798, 227
supports Barlow’s proposal for national institute, 282, 283
London Corresponding Society, 148
Louis XVI: and dedication of The Vision of Columbus, 55–56, 72–74, 113
deposed as monarch, 153
foiled in fleeing, 138, 141, 164
place in versions of The Vision of Columbus, 89, 94, 171
role in Revolution, 113, 129, 143, 150
Louisiana: purchased by U.S., 270–72, 279, 340–42
schemes for France to reacquire, 164–65, 166, 178
Luzerne, Anne-César de la, 55
approaches Louis XVI on Barlow’s behalf, 72
Lyle, Robert: as business partner and correspondent of Barlow’s, 200, 217, 226
efforts by Barlow to save from bankruptcy, 240–41
financial difficulties of, 229
Lyon, Matthew, 232
Mackintosh, James, 141
Macon’s Bill #1, 320, 325, 328
Macon’s Bill #2, 321, 325, 328, 329
Madison, Dolley: Barlows seek president’s approval through, 336, 344, 347–48
interested in the success of Barlow’s mission, 335, 350
Parisian shopping list of, 336
Madison, James: appoints Monroe secretary of state, 324
appoints Russell charge d’affairs in London, 333
enters into agreement with Erskine, 311
favors commercial sanctions, 306
gets rid of Robert Smith, 324
nominates Barlow as minister to France, 323
pursues course leading to war with Britain, 322–23, 324, 325, 326, 338, 346, 348, 352
response to Spanish Court’s back channel offer, 342–43
as secretary of state, 256, 261
seeks to extract concessions from France, 323, 338
suppresses Barbary pirates, 210
suspicions about commercial negotiations with France, 343, 347
threatens war with France, 355
Maheas, Jean François Noel, 116
Mandats territoriaux, 217, 218
Marat, Jean-Paul, 166
Markoe, Peter, 93
Marshall, John: biography of Washington, 261
as peace commissioner in Paris, 223, 224, 225
mentioned, 4
Marthe, Louis, Marquis of Guoy D’Arsy, 116
Martini, Gotlieb, 230
repeal of, 191
Meigs, Josiah: and University of Georgia, 14, 274, 301
Meigs, Return Jonathan, 104, 274
Middletown Convention (1783), 61
Milan Decree, 305
revocation of, 321, 322, 328, 344, 348–49
Milton, John: Barlow beholden to, 29, 34, 36, 48
Barlow measured against, 294
Barlow refers to, 190
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de, 129
Miranda, Fransisco de, 162
trial of, 168
Mobs: Barlow fears actions of, 133
British, 141–42
Parisian, 113, 116, 150, 151, 153, 155, 166
Réveillon, 113
Moniteur: attacks Compagnie du Scioto, 124
Bassano wishes to announce St. Cloud Decree in, 349
defines market for inscriptions, 198
publicizes support Scioto associates give French settlers, 136
Monroe, James: ambassador to Britain, 270
ambassador to France, 192, 194, 204, 225, 264
incorporates the Barlows in his circle, 227
instructions for Barlow, 329, 337, 338, 347, 351
and Louisiana Purchase, 270
replaced as minister to France, 207, 222
response to the Jay Treaty, 194
rival of Madson for presidency in 1808, 324
secretary of state, 324
secures Paine’s release, 180
shares strategic vision with Barlow, 194–95
stand firm against popular pressure, 193
Mont Cashell, Margaret King, the Countess of, 268
Montgomery, Gen. Richard, 16–17, 89
Moor’s Indian Charity School, 11, 12
Morris, Gouverneur: as ambassador to France, 180, 185, 225
critical view of Barlow, 114
indifference to Paine’s arrest, 180
National Convention requests recall of, 169
opposes Scioto venture, 119, 133
role in collapse of Campagnie du Scioto, 125–26
social prominence in Paris, 111–12, 116, 126
urges Phyn, Ellices, and Inglis to sue Barlow, 132–33
views of French Revolution, 114, 150, 151, 163, 168
Morris, Robert: “liquidates” revolutionary war accounts, 57, 59
New York lands for sale, 111, 125
Moustier, François de, 132
Mutinies of Pennsylvania and New Jersey Lines, 42, 46
Mycall, John, 70
Nagle, 229
Napoleon: accepts invitation in Macon’s Law #2, 321
appears to seek constitution in wake of 18 Brumaire, 242
Barlow’s reaction to consolidation of personal power by, 248–49, 252, 257, 258, 260, 272, 281
campaigns of, 226, 239, 248, 352, 360
continental system of, 308, 340, 345
defends National Convention, 198
interest in Fulton’s canal scheme, 229
interest in Fulton’s submarine, 250
leaves Paris the day Barlow arrives, 337
manipulates Barlow, 340–42, 343
obstacles to U.S. influencing, 330–31, 338–39, 344–45, 346, 352
official reception of Barlow, 339
reluctance to address American spoliation claims, 341, 357
response to modification of embargo in 1809, 310
retreats from Russia, 362, 364
summons Barlow to Vilna, 351
wars associated with, 210, 239
National Convention (France): admits U.S. vessels to colonial trade, 182, 191
confers citizenship on Barlow, 1–2, 164
creates surveillance committees, 168
deputies of on mission, 183
dismantles machinery of the Terror, 192
embraces religious freedom, 193
establishes revolutionary tribunal, 166
expels Girondin deputies, 166
hears appeal on behalf of Paine, 180
incorporates Savoy into France, 158–59
and the Maximum, 169, 182, 184
offers fraternal assistance to all republicans, 157
National Intelligencer, 190, 269, 294, 326
Navy, British, 24, 27, 49, 183, 185–86
impresses American sailors, 304
Necker, Jacques, 113
New England Primer, 9
New Haven Association (of Ministers), 39, 40, 41
Nonintercourse Act of 1809, 310, 321, 323
Le Nouveau Mississippi (1790), 124–25
O’Brien, Richard, 202, 207, 209
Oelsner, Konrad, 201
Ohio Company: origins, 100–102
early activities, 103
On certain political Measures . . . (1799–1800), 244–47
On the system of policy hitherto pursued by our government (1799), 243–36
republished with On certain political Measures in 1805 by Connecticut’s Republicans, 277
An Oration . . . July 4th, 1787, 94–95
An Oration . . . July 4, 1809, 313–14
The Age of Reason, 171, 179, 237, 278
arrest of, 179
calls for a British republic, 142
calls for a French republic, 138
distance develops with Barlow, 278–79
incorporates Barlow into circle, 143
Monroe secures release of, 180
The Rights of Man,Part I, 141
The Rights of Man,Part II, 143, 144
supplanted by Barlow, 171, 172, 173
Paradise, John and Lucy (Ludwell), 127
Parker, Daniel: advice on investments, 218, 252
alleged source of story about Barlow, 367
complains of Gouveurner Morris’s behavior, 126
hostility to William Lee, 334
hosts Barlows during the summer of 1812, 353–54
interest in voyage of Cumberland, 183
organizes European speculations in American debt, 104
pursues ventures at cross-purposes with the Scioto Company, 112, 125
response to likelihood that the Federal Constitution would be ratified, 107–8
settlement forced upon him by creditors, 240
steers Barlow to London
and Low Countries, 108–9, 110–11
supports Ruth after Barlow’s death, 365, 366
takes charge of Barlow’s Parisian mansion, 272
Parsons, Gen. Samuel Holden: recruited by the Ohio Company, 101
shareholder in the Scioto Company, 104
unsuccessfully approaches Congress for the Ohio Company, 101–2
Peace of Paris (1783), consequences of, 60, 96, 99, 109
Peale, Charles Willson, 90
paints Barlow’s portrait, 284, 288
Pétion, Jérôme, 143
Petry, Jean-Baptiste, 361, 362, 364
Philadelphia Convention, 31, 58
affects price of American debt, 101, 105
Barlow’s high hopes for, 84, 94
Phillips, Richard, 294
Phyn, Ellices, and Inglis, 127, 128, 131
Pickering, Timothy: as author of incendiary pamphlet, 308
as secretary of state, 204, 210–11
supports Barlow’s nomination as minister to France, 323–24, 325
Pinckney, Charles, 260
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth: as minister to France, 222
as peace commissioner, 223, 224, 225, 227
Pinkney, William: British treaty negotiated with Monroe, 304, 324
returns to U.S., 326
Playfair, William: background, 114–15
blames Barlow for Scioto fiasco, 124, 135
bond of, 165
Duer grows suspicious of, 131
falls out with Walker, 135–36
given major stake in de Barthe & Coquet, 130, 135
leaves France, 136
recruits indentured servants, 123
role in transforming Scioto Company into colonizing venture, 115–17
Poem Spoken at Commencement(1781), 46–47
Port Folio, critical review of The Columbiad, 294–95
Price, Richard, 177
advises against publishing The Vision of Columbus in Britain, 93
sermon to Revolution Society, 141
Priestley, Joseph: attacks Volney’s infidelity, 259
victim of Birmingham mob, 142
mentioned, 143
Prospectus of a National Institution(1806), 279–82
fate of proposal in Congress, 282–83
Putnam, Rufus: enraged at Barlows over contract with de Barthe & Coquet, 131
founder of Ohio Company, 100
shareholder in Scioto Company, 104
Quasi-War (1798–1800): Barlow fears consequences of, 246, 346
effect on Franco-American trade, 239
origins of, 227–28
termination of, 247–48
mentioned, 367
Rachel, 212, 215, 218, 226, 229, 240
Read, Capt. Zalmon, company of, 10–11, 16, 21
Récamier, Jacques de, 199, 218
Récamier, Julliette, Madame de, 266
Republican Party: ascendancy of threatened by embargo, 308–10, 318
associates Federalism with “monarchism,” 318–19
developing rivalry with Federalist Party, 175, 227, 232, 271–72, 296, 319, 333, 342
divisions within, 319–20, 325, 326
strategic vision of, 346
Republicans (Connecticut): court Barlow 276–78
repression of by Federalists, 277
Réunion section, Barlow and Leavenworth address, 178
A review of Robert Smith’s Address . . . (1811), 327–28
Rickman, Thomas, 143
Robespierre, Maximilien, 185
Rochambeau, Gen. Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de, 39, 42, 50, 55
Rochefontaine, Stephen, 121
attacks contract with de Barthe & Coquet, 131, 132
emigrates to America, 136
recruited by Walker, 135
Roland, Marie-Jeanne, Madame, 177
Rumford, Count. See Thompson, Benjamin
Rumsey, David, 287
Rush, Benjamin, 289
Russell, Jonathan: assists Barlow, 333–34
initial opinion of Barlow, 333
recipient of Barlow’s reports on French decrees, 347
Sainte Domingue, 155
France’s attempt to reconquer, 250
Saint-Just, Louis Antoine de, 185
Sampson, Captain, 218
Sargent, Winthrop: Barlow complains about poverty to, 112
Barlow meets with, 105
shareholder in Scioto Company, 102
Sayre, Stephen, 164
Scioto Company/Scioto associates: Barlow becomes agent of, 105–6
Barlow’s efforts to find European capital for, 108–11, 116–18, 119, 120–24, 130–31
French settlers brought to America by, 122–23, 136
organization of, 102–4
reasons for eventual failure of, 136
Benjamin Walker’s commissions from, 134
Second Great Awakening, 278
influences reception of The Columbiad, 295–97, 299–301
Sedition Act, 232
Sérurier, Louis-Barbé-Charles: delivers mixed message to Madison administration, 322–23
leases Kalorama, 326
pressed by Monroe, 328–29
role in Henry affair, 348
Short, William, 108
Sieyès, Emmanuel-Joseph, the Abbé, 112
Slavery: in Algeria, 1–2, 4, 196, 199, 208
Barlow’s involvement with, 8, 203, 210, 291, 307
in French colonies, 154–55
incompatibility with republicanism, 271–72, 291–92
treatment of, in The Columbiad, 291
“Sketch for a History of the French Revolution” (1795), 192–93
“Sketch for a History of the United States” (1809?), 318–19
Skipwith, Fulwar: and February 1799 memorandum to the Directory, 232
Gerry leaks information to, 223
partner in land speculation, 317
seeks diplomatic assignment, 256
Smith, Elihu Hubbard, 81
Smith, Robert: dismissed by Madison, 324
secretary of state, 319
writes An address to the people of the United States, 325
Smith, Samuel: blocks passage of Macon’s Bill #1, 320
challenges Madison’s leadership, 319
opposes Barlow’s nomination as minister to France, 323
Society for Constitutional Information, 148
Barlow’s role in address to National Convention, 156, 157, 158
Soisson, Jean Chais, 117, 124, 128
Spalding, Asa, 15
St. André, Jean Bon, 213
St. Clair, Arthur, 122
St. Didier, Antoine, 116
Stanhope, Charles, Lord, 273
Sterling, William Alexander, Lord, 41
Stiles, Ezra: asked by Barlow to review Ebeling’s proofs, 190
congratulates Barlow on prominence as revolutionary ideologue, 162
critical of Barlow’s version of Watts’s Psalms, 69–70
as president of Yale, 23–24, 26, 27, 37, 38, 46, 49
Stone, John Hurford, English press of, 177, 236
Strobel, Daniel, 230
Strobel & Martini, 230, 240, 258
Strong, Nehemiah, 66–67
Stuart, Gilbert, 90
Susquehannah Company: Barlow’s involvement with, 99–100
contests Pennsylvania’s claim to Wyoming Valley, 98–99
origins of, 97
Swan and D’allarde, 184–85
pressed by creditors, 240
Swan, James: forms partnership with D’allarde, 184
joins in addresses to Jefferson and Constituent Assembly, 128, 149
joins in address to Réunion section, 178
partners with Barlow in seeking provisioning contract, 149–50
recommends Barlow as minister to France, 169–70
mentioned, 186
Swift, Zephaniel, 14, 28, 77, 242
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice: and Barlow’s spoliations plan, 357
and knowledge about U.S., 223
role in Franco-American crisis (1797–1800), 223–24, 248, 255, 257
Terror, the, 168, 177, 178, 179–81, 189
Thomson, James, 106
Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford), 354
Thornton, William, 287
Tooke, Horne: Barlow meets, 109
member of Johnson’s radical circle, 143, 264
proposes Barlow for membership in SCI, 148
Tracy, Uriah: becomes lawyer, 28, 77
member of class of 1778, 15, 19, 23
Trumbull, John (painter): and Jay Treaty, 194
as Jay Treaty commissioner, 264
portrait of Barlow, 224
relationship with Barlow, 109
Trumbull, John (poet): celebrated by Barlow, 90
as Hartford Wit, 62, 68, 72, 79
joins Barlow in lobbying for copyright laws, 60
M’Fingal (European edition) edited by Barlow, 152, 175
and Middletown Convention, 61
Tryon, Gov. William, 21
Tupper, Benjamin: founder of Ohio Company, 100
shareholder in Scioto Company, 104
Turreau, Gen. Louis-Marie, 322, 325, 337
Uni, 249
Upson, Benoni, secretly marries Barlow and Ruth, 43–4, 51
Vanderlyn, John: portrait sketch of Barlow, 221, 267–68, 289
role in illustrating The Columbiad, 285–86
Vans Murray, William, 256
Van Staphorst, Jacon & Nicholas, 110
Varlet, Jean-François, 166
Vendée, revolt of the, 165–66, 167, 183
Vergennes, Charles Hector, comte de, 74
Villette, Charles, the third marquis de, 256, 313
Villette, Madame de (Philiberte de Varicourt), 256–57, 334, 353–54, 366
Vingt-quatre: de Barthe’s participation in, 130
fortunes of, 123
membership of, 121–22
The Vision of Columbus (1787) : disposal of loose sheets from, 231
drafting of, 16–17, 36, 39, 46, 51, 53, 58
Louis XVI’s prominent role in narrative of, 113
permission to dedicate to Louis XVI, 55–56, 57, 72–75
qualifies Barlow to recruit investors in Ohio Company, 103
reception of, 75, 85, 93–94, 302
structure of, 85–93
subscriptions for, 54–56, 84–85
The Vision of Columbus (1793), 177, 260
Volney, Constantine: religious ideas of, 297, 299
Ruines, 259–60
target of Alien Friends Act, 232
mentioned, 334
Wadsworth, Jeremiah: patron of Hartford Wits, 79
provisions French expeditionary force, 39, 55, 56
supports Barlow’s ambitions, 57, 61, 72–73
Walker, Benjamin, 133
critical of Barlow’s management, 135
optimistic about prospects of French emigration, 135
powers delegated to, by Scioto associates, 134
remains on civil terms with Barlow, 137
turns against Playfair, 134–35
Warden, David Bailie: abstains from public address to Ruth after Barlow’s death, 366
as charge d’affaires after Barlow’s death, 365
forfeits Barlow’s confidence, 358
member of Barlow’s official family, 330, 332
Warren, Mercy Otis, 318
Washington, George: administration of, 1, 166
Barlow dines with, 41
as commander of continental army, 15, 50
as commander of provisional army, 228
place in The Vision of Columbus,88–89
recipient of letter (1798) from Barlow, 231
responds to Newburgh Conspiracy, 59
takes multiple subscriptions to The Vision of Columbus, 62
writes Adams about Barlow’s letter, 231–32
Watson, James: angry letter to Barlow, 232–33
early supporter of Barlow, 55
given Barlow’s power of attorney to sell American assets, 230
hails Barlow’s celebrity in Europe, 162
receives report from Barlow about Gerry’s negotiation, 228
Watts’s Psalms, Barlow’s version of (1785), 68–70
Webster, Noah: assists Barlow in looking for patrons, 37, 43
Barlow’s correspondent, 51, 103
gives Yale oration, 49
Grammatical Institutes, 62, 68–69
and Hartford Wits, 72
as member of class of 1778, 14, 15
observations about Barlow on return to U.S., 277
publicly criticizes Barlow’s Advice, 237
responds to Barlow’s letter to Fellows, 238
response to Barlow’s pressure for a review of The Columbiad, 300–301
souring of friendship with Barlow, 239
studies law, 77
success with low-end publishing ventures, 54, 69
teaches school after graduation, 28
West, Benjamin: friendship with Barlows, 268, 273, 286
as preeminent American cultural figure, 90, 266
relationship with Fulton, 219, 269, 286
Whiskey Rebellion, 308
Whitman, Elizabeth: beguiled by Barlow, 31
Hartford friend of Barlow’s, 43
helps Barlow look for patron, 35, 38
supports Barlow’s poetic ambitions, 34
tragic death of, 44
yields precedence to Ruth, 38–39
Williams, Helen Maria: arrest of, 177
hospitality of, 167, 227, 268, 354
Willink, Wilhem & Jan, 110
Wolcott, Alexander: cotton mill venture, 317, 366
gunboat contract of, 306
member of class of 1778, 15
recipient of letters from Barlow, 271, 332
Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.: advises Barlow to write about French Revolution, 192
as Barlow’s correspondent, 33, 34, 38
as Hartford friend, 49, 79, 119
legal training of, 77
reports to Barlow on U.S. progress, 189
visited by Barlow, 37
Wollstonecraft, Mary: Barlows visit in Le Havre, 185
courts Barlows on brother’s behalf, 152, 167
estimate of Barlow, 152–53
reaction to the Terror, 177
urges Ruth to join her in France, 167, 169
Vindication of the Rights of Man, 141
Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 148
Woolsey, Captain, 126–27
Wordsworth, William, 266
XYZ Dispatches, 227, 257, 296–301
Yale College: class of 1778, 14–15, 22–23, 28, 49, 67
hostility toward Barlow, 315
impact of revolutionary war on, 15, 20–21, 22–23, 49
student disorders in, 11
“Yarico and Inkle,” 76
Yorke, Henry Redhead, 266
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