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Acknowledgments In the course of researching and writing this manuscript I have accumulated debts too numerous to count. This book began as a doctoral dissertation in Harvard’s Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality and Social Policy. I am especially grateful to my advisor, Lawrence Bobo. Over the years he has encouraged me, guided my professional development , and gently pushed me to sharpen my theoretical arguments. William Julius Wilson was especially supportive, giving me constructive and thoughtful feedback through each stage of the process. Jennifer Hochschild has a passion and enthusiasm for ideas that is contagious. She made strong intellectual demands of me but never let me feel defeated or overwhelmed . Theda Skocpol convinced me that this project was worth undertaking and pressed me to take politics seriously. Christopher “Sandy” Jencks listened patiently to my ideas, asked me tough questions, and painstakingly line-edited my work. Katherine Newman inspires me with her drive and determination. She urged me to write clearly and helped shepherd this book to the press. I could not have embarked on this project without the support of these generous mentors. A Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellowship gave me the time and resources necessary for follow-up archival research and to work on my writing. I want to thank John Ellwood, Seana Van Buren, Stacy Gallagher, the scholars, the executive committee, and my mentors, Margaret Weir and Taeku Lee, for helping make my two years there so productive and enjoyable. I finished the manuscript while an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley. I could not hope for a more supportive department . Many of my colleagues there and elsewhere read versions of this manuscript in part or in full. I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Margaret Weir, Robert Lieberman, Desmond King, Katherine Newman, Tom Guglielmo, Helen Fox, and Martín Sánchez-Jankowski who each read some version of the manuscript in full. Others read portions of my work, shared data, or helped me puzzle through especially thorny issues. For this I thank Adam Berinsky, Irene Bloemraad, Tony Chen, Claude Fischer, Marion Fourcade, Luis Fraga, Heather Haveman, Luisa Heredia, Rodney Hero, Tomás Jiménez, Jennifer Johnson-Hanks, Taeku Lee, Sam Lucas, Helen Marrow, Isaac Martin, Rob Mickey, Maria Rendon, Dylan Riley, Eric Schickler, Jessica Trounstine, Cihan Tugal, Loïc Wacquant, and Mary Waters. viii • Acknowledgments Many thanks to Rudy Garcia, Lissett Lopez, Leticia Mata, Katherine Trujillo, and Carmen Ye for spending a semester in Doe Library, reading and copying news articles from La Opinión. Your excellent memos and our biweekly conversations were indispensible to this project. Over the years, I presented pieces of my work in various workshops. I received especially valuable feedback from participants in the Race, Ethnicity and Immigration workshop at UC Berkeley’s Institute for Governmental Studies, the IGERT workshop at the Goldman School of Public Policy, the Stanford-Berkeley Seminar on Stratification, the Comparative Historical Workshop at UC San Diego, and the Interdisciplinary Immigration Workshop at UC Berkeley. Much-needed financial support came at just the right times from Harvard ’s Multidisciplinary Program in Inequality and Social Policy, the National Science Foundation, Harvard’s Center for American Political Studies, the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and the Berkeley Sociology Department. In addition, many people housed me, cooked meals for me, or loaned me a car while I was dissertating or working in archives far from home. For this and more, I owe special thanks to Jeanne Koopman , Mr. and Mrs. Rendon, the Montoya family, the Heredia family, Diane Gregorio, Therese Leung, Elisabeth Jacobs, Sam Walsh, Tom Guglielmo , Michal Kurlaender, and Bryce Vinokurov. I am very grateful to Chuck Myers, my editor at Princeton University Press, for his support and expert editorial advice. Jennifer Backer and Hope Richardson, my copyeditors, saved me from innumerable mistakes. And I am indebted to Karen Fortgang and the entire production team at Princeton for the care with which they prepared the manuscript for publication . Portions of chapters 2 and 3 appeared in earlier form in Cybelle Fox, “Three Worlds of Relief: Race, Immigration, and Public and Private Social Welfare Spending in American Cities, 1929,” American Journal of Sociology 116, no. 2 (2010): 453–502. New friends and old have encouraged, supported, and motivated me during my writing. I cannot possibly mention them all, but a few deserve special recognition: David Almeling, Rene Almeling, Robin Chalfin, Diane Gregorio, Tom Guglielmo, Karena Heredia, Luisa Heredia , Elisabeth Jacobs, Nick Kopple-Perry, Michal Kurlaender, Therese Leung, Jal...

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