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adult hemoglobin. See HbA adults: diagnosis of disease and, 3, 84–85; health care for, 41, 84, 93, 97, 101, 145, 146. See also specific healing sites AFM (Association française contre les myopathies ), 228, 229–31, 233–34, 304n9 Africa. See North-South divide; specific countries African Americans, xvi, 198, 269, 277n12, 300n2, 301nn3–4. See also United States Afrique occidentale française (AOF). See AOF AFSSAPS (Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé), 146–47 Agence de la francophonie, l’, 25, 227 Algeria, 179, 278n15, 299n25 alpha-thalassemia, 119, 184–85, 223. See also thalassemias ancestry genetic testing: DNA passports and, xv–xvi, 277nn9–14; sickling blood and, xv– xvii, 177; tests, 277n11 anemia, nutritional, 156 anemia, sickle cell. See sickle cell disease anthropological approach, xviii, xx–xxiii, 17–18, 29–33, 36, 272–73. See also ethnography “anthropological” identity (DNA heritage), xv– xvi, 277nn9–14 anti-sickling agents: fagara as, 99, 144, 289n14; pharmaceuticals as, 84, 97 AOF (Afrique occidentale français): biology linked to territory within, xi-xii, 162, 177; colonial humanism and, 160–62; and federalism for West Africa, 158–59; nomenclature of human difference in, 164–65, 166, 167, 297n12; overview, 158, 161, 294n1, 295n5; pathological norms (native normativity) within, 167–68, 297–98n16; race mapping through sickle cell difference and, xi–xii, 35, 161–63, 164–67, 169–77, 186–87, 296nn7–9; racial hierarchies and, 168–69, 298n17; racial science of blood traits during colonial era, 161–63, 164–67, 169–77, 297nn11–12 APIPD (Association pour l’information et la prévention de la drépanocytose), 228–29, 304n6 ASD (Association sénégalaise de lutte contra la drépanocytose): awareness for sickle cell disease and, 22–23, 242, 243–44, 251–53, 304n10; doctors’ dismissal of female patients and, 203; economic supports and, 73–74, 256, 262– 63; goals, 24, 260, 261; kinships of shared sickle cell blood, 13, 43, 49, 60, 63, 69, 72–76, 267; lack of government support and, 22–24, 44, 242–43, 252–53, 256, 261–62, 304–5n2; overview , 22–24, 48–49, 238–40; politics of global inclusion and, 43, 232; research and, 207–8; severe disease and, 44, 240–41, 254–56; testing for sickle cell and, 49, 252, 260; therapeutic economies and, 48, 63–64, 73–74; trait ordered as disease (sickle cell trait suffering) within, 44, 197, 239–40, 241; VK500 phytotherapy and, 111–12. See also patient advocacy ASEAD (Association sénégalaise d’assistance aux enfants drépanocytaires), 235–38 AS sicklers. See HbAS; trait ordered as disease (sickle cell trait suffering) Association éducation santé, 26, 255–56, 270 Association pour l’information et la prévention de la drépanocytose. See APIPD Association sénégalaise d’assistance aux enfants drépanocytaires. See ASEAD Association sénégalaise de lutte contra la drépanocytose (ASD). See ASD association concept: cultural, xiv, xvii, 272; narrative , 264 329 I N D E X Italicized page numbers indicate figures, maps, or tables. Index 330 association studies, xiv, xviii, xxiii, 30, 272 attitude sénégalaise (Senegalese attitude), 28–29, 41, 122, 123, 141–42, 143–44, 150, 189, 292n2 attitudes of care: attitude sénégalaise and, 122, 123, 141–45, 150, 292n2; biomedical specialists and, 144–45, 148–50, 266; blood transfusions and, 154–56; cultural equipment and, 121–23, 134, 140, 292n2; destiny and, 126–28, 293n5; doctor-patient relations and, 125–28, 203, 266; exoticism and, 137, 152–54; fagara use and, 131–34, 148–49, 150–54, 266, 294n11; fitness and adaptation discourse and, 154–56; French-Senegalese relations and, 122–23, 136–38; Islamic faith and, 148–50; local biologies and, 38–39, 128–31, 140; organization and, 124–25, 129–31, 293n6; overview, 40–41, 119–22, 148–50, 156, 292nn1–2; pharmaceuticals and, 66, 97, 134, 151; psychosomatic framings and, 21, 42, 152–54, 203; reproductive normalcy and, 3–4, 134; semiologie (reading bodily signs) and, 120–21, 125, 292n1; Senegalese haplotype and, 139–44, 147; technologies and, 38, 119–21, 128–31. See also biosocial ethics of care; family; intersubjective supports; kin-based supports awareness of sickle cell disease: ASD and, 22–25, 239, 243–44, 251–53, 262, 304n10; biomedical specialists and, 23, 24, 243, 255, 269– 70; genetic disorders in France and, 226–28, 228–29; politics of health and, xix, 23, 95, 253, 255–60, 256, 260, 263, 282n14; populationlevel effects and, 43, 207–8...

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