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The two volumes of Philosophical Essays bring together the most important essays written by one of the world's foremost philosophers of language. Scott Soames has selected thirty-one essays spanning nearly three decades of thinking about linguistic meaning and the philosophical significance of language. A judicious collection of old and new, these volumes include sixteen essays published in the 1980s and 1990s, nine published since 2000, and six new essays.


The essays in Volume 1 investigate what linguistic meaning is; how the meaning of a sentence is related to the use we make of it; what we should expect from empirical theories of the meaning of the languages we speak; and how a sound theoretical grasp of the intricate relationship between meaning and use can improve the interpretation of legal texts.


The essays in Volume 2 illustrate the significance of linguistic concerns for a broad range of philosophical topics--including the relationship between language and thought; the objects of belief, assertion, and other propositional attitudes; the distinction between metaphysical and epistemic possibility; the nature of necessity, actuality, and possible worlds; the necessary a posteriori and the contingent a priori; truth, vagueness, and partial definition; and skepticism about meaning and mind.


The two volumes of Philosophical Essays are essential for anyone working on the philosophy of language.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright Page, Dedication
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. vii-viii
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  1. The Origins of These Essays
  2. pp. ix-x
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. 1-20
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  1. PART ONE: Presupposition
  1. ESSAY ONE: A Projection Problem for Speaker Presuppositions
  2. pp. 23-72
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  1. ESSAY TWO: Presupposition
  2. pp. 73-130
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  1. PART TWO: Language and Linguistic Competence
  1. ESSAY THREE: Linguistics and Psychology
  2. pp. 133-158
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  1. ESSAY FOUR: Semantics and Psychology
  2. pp. 159-181
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  1. ESSAY FIVE: Semantics and Semantic Competence
  2. pp. 182-201
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  1. ESSAY SIX: The Necessity Argument
  2. pp. 202-207
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  1. ESSAY SEVEN: Truth, Meaning, and Understanding
  2. pp. 208-224
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  1. ESSAY EIGHT: Truth and Meaning—in Perspective
  2. pp. 225-248
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  1. PART THREE: Semantics and Pragmatics
  1. ESSAY NINE: Naming and Asserting
  2. pp. 251-277
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  1. ESSAY TEN: The Gap between Meaning and Assertion: Why What We Literally Say Often Differs from What Our Words Literally Mean
  2. pp. 278-297
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  1. ESSAY ELEVEN: Drawing the Line between Meaning and Implicature—and Relating Both to Assertion
  2. pp. 298-326
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  1. PART FOUR: Descriptions
  1. ESSAY TWELVE: Incomplete Definite Descriptions
  2. pp. 329-359
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  1. ESSAY THIRTEEN: Donnellan's Referential/Attributive Distinction
  2. pp. 360-376
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  1. ESSAY FOURTEEN: Why Incomplete Definite Descriptions Do Not Defeat Russell's Theory of Descriptions
  2. pp. 377-400
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  1. PART FIVE: Meaning and Use: Lessons for Legal Interpretation
  1. ESSAY FIFTEEN: Interpreting Legal Texts: What Is, and What Is Not, Special about the Law
  2. pp. 403-424
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  1. Index
  2. pp. 425-428
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