Hard Line: The Republican Party and U.S. Foreign Policy since World War II

Notes

Notes Introduction Conservative Traditions in U.S. Foreign Policy 1. David Brooks, “The Republican Divide,” New York Times, November , ; David Frum, Comeback: Conservatism That Can Win Again (New York: Broadway Books, ). 2. For a good, recent exposition of the traditional conservative perspective, see Matthew Spalding, We Still Hold These Truths (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, ). Some notable contributions since  to the ongoing debate over the state of American conservatismincludeRossDouthatandReihanSalam ,GrandNewParty(NewYork:Doubleday , ); Charles Dunn, ed., The Future of Conservatism (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, ); Michael Gerson, Heroic Conservatism (New York: HarperCollins, ); Paul Gottfried, Conservatism in America (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ); Theodore Lowi, The End of the Republican Era (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, ); George Nash, Reappraising the Right (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, ); Ron Paul, The Revolution (New York: Grand Central, ); Ryan Sager, The Elephant in the Room (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, ); Andrew Sullivan, The Conservative Soul (New York: Harper Perennial, ); Sam Tanenhaus, The Death of Conservatism (New York: Random House, ); Michael Tanner, Leviathan on the Right (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, ); and Paul Weyrich and Michael Lind, The Next Conservatism (South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, ). For a mordant, entertaining take on the same issue, see John Derbyshire, We Are Doomed (New York: Crown Forum, ). 3. See, e.g., J. Peter Scoblic, U.S. vs. Them: How a Half Century of Conservatism Has Undermined America’s Security (New York: Viking, ), and Tanenhaus, Death of Conservatism . 4. Stefan Harper and Jonathan Clarke, America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order (New York: Cambridge University Press, ). 5. Frum, Comeback, –. 6. Leading examples published since  include Patrick Allitt, The Conservatives (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, ); Peter Berkowitz, ed., Varieties of Conservatism in America (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, ); Donald Critchlow, The Conservative Ascendency (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ); Brian Glenn and Steven Teles, eds., Conservatism and American Political Development (New York: Oxford University Press, ); Lisa McGirr, Suburban Warriors (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ); Gregory Schneider, The Conservative Century (Lanham , MD: Rowman and Littlefield, ); Jonathan Schoenwald, A Time for Choosing (New York: Oxford University Press, ); Bruce Schulman and Julian Zelizer, Rightward Bound (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ); and Steven Teles, The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ). 7. Edward Carmines and Michael Wagner, “Political Issues and Party Alignments,” Annual Review of Political Science  (): –; David Leege et al., The Politics of Cultural Differences: Social Change and Voter Mobilization Strategies in the Post–New Deal Period (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ), –, –. 8. Seymour Martin Lispet, American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword (New York: W. W. Norton, ). Chapter One Republicans, Conservatives, and U.S. Foreign Policy 1. On Republican foreign policy under McKinley, see Lewis Gould, The SpanishAmerican War and President McKinley (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, ); Richard Hamilton, President McKinley, War and Empire,  vols. (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, ); Stanley Jones, The Presidential Election of  (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, ); Walter LaFeber, “Election of ,” in History of American Presidential Elections –, ed. Arthur Schlesinger (New York: Chelsea House, ), :–; Ernest May, American Imperialism (New York: Atheneum, ); John Offner, An Unwanted War: The Diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, – (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ); and Richard Welch, Response to Imperialism: The United States and the Philippine-American War, – (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ). 2. Howard Beale, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power (Baltimore , MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, ); Barton Bernstein and Franklin Leib, “Progressive Republican Senators and American Imperialism, –: A Reappraisal ,” in To Advise and Consent: The United States Congress and Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century, ed. Joel Silbey (Brooklyn, NY: Carlson, ), –; Richard Collin, Theodore Roosevelt’s Caribbean (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ); Raymond Esthus, Theodore Roosevelt and the International Rivalries (Waltham, MA: Ginn-Blaisdell, ); James Holmes, Theodore Roosevelt and World Order (Washington , DC: Potomac Books, ); Frederick Marks, Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ); Frank Ninkovich, “Theodore Roosevelt: Civilization as Ideology,” Diplomatic History , no.  (Summer ): –. 3. David Burton, William Howard Taft: Confident Peacemaker (Philadelphia, PA: St. Joseph’s University Press, ); Paolo Coletta, The Presidency of William Howard Taft (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, ); Walter Scholes and Marie Scholes, The Foreign Policies of the Taft Administration (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, ); Norman Wilensky, Conservatives in the Progressive Era: The Taft Republicans of  (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, ). 4. Lloyd Ambrosius, Woodrow Wilson and the American Diplomatic Tradition: The Treaty Fight in Perspective (New York: Cambridge University Press, ); Robert D. Johnson, The Peace Progressives and American Foreign...