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APPENDIX B: Key Factors Contributing to the Survival of Terrestrial Animals
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Appendix B Key Factors Contributing to the Survival of Terrestrial Animals Characteristics that apply to most Hexapoda (six-legged arthropods) are in italics. Characteristics that may apply to most dinosaurs are in bold. Individual groups would have to be classified independently (exceptions exist). The more positive characteristics a group possesses, the less likely it will become extinct. r = r-strategists ; K = K-strategists. Factors Positive characteristics Negative characteristics Lineage Polyphyletic Monophyletic Reproductive adaptations Reproductive rate High (r) Low (K) Onset of reproduction Early (r) Late (K) Generation time Short Long Broods/year Multiple (multivoltine) Single (univoltine) Reproductive cycles/lifetime Multiple Single Number of progeny/lifetime Many (r) Few (K) Newborn size:adult size ratio high low Growth rate Rapid (r) Slow (K) Progeny survival High Low Production of young Synchronous Asynchronous Neonatal care None (r) Some (K) Mate selection Polygamy Monogamy Breeding type Outbreeding Inbreeding (exogamy) (endogamy) Breeding sites Multiple Fixed, limited, or specialized Factors Positive characteristics Negative characteristics Adult characteristics Body size Small (r) Large (K) Population size Large Small Biodiversity High Low Distribution Global Endemic Habitat type Varied (eurytopic) Limited (stenotopic) Environment Unpredictable (r) Stable (K) Adaptability Good (resilient) (r) Poor (K) Dispersal Extremely mobile (r) Restricted (K) Migratory patterns None or variable Fixed, inflexible Social behavior Solitary Gregarious Feeding type Generalist Specialist Trophic level Primary High Longevity Short Long Mortality Density-independent (r) Density-related (K) Environmental resources Rarely limited (r) Frequently limited (K) Resistance to toxins High Low Mutation rate High Low Seasonal activity Resting phases Active year round Temperature tolerance Broad Narrow Predation risk Low High Metabolic rate Low High Body temperature Cold-blooded Warm-blooded 220 – APPENDIX B ...