The Inauguration of Organized Political Warfare: Cold War Organizations Sponsored by the National Committee for a Free Europe/ Free Europe Committee

Contents

Contents K atalin K ádár Lynn Preface 1 2 K atalin K ádár Lynn At War While at Peace: United States Cold War Policy and the National Committee for a Free Europe, Inc. 7 At War While at Peace 7 • The Run-Up to War’s End 8 • Stalin’s Eastern European Ambitions 9 • The War’s End 12 • Post World War II US Foreign Policy 14 Endnotes 61 • Select Bibliography 69 2 Fr ancis D. R ašk a History of the Council of Free Czechoslovakia 71 Introduction-formation of the Council of Free Czechoslovakia 71 • Early Years 76 The Road to Reunification 83 • Activities of the reunited council 89 Conclusion 113 • Endnotes 115 • Select Bibliography 120 2 Marius Petr aru The History of the Romanian National Committee: 1947–1975 121 Romania’s Calvary: From Antonescu’s Regime to Popular Democracy (1944–1948) 122 • The RNC’s Predecessors 128 • The Organization and Legitimacy of the Romanian National Committee 131 • The Division and Reorganization of the Romanian National Committee 143 • The Romanian National Committee’s Activities 154 • Romanian Refugee Assistance, and Cooperation with other National Committees in the United States 163 The Financial Resources of the RNC 171 • The Agony of the Romanian National Committee 184 • Endnotes 188 • Select Bibliography 197 2 Jonathan H. L’Hommedieu The Baltic Freedom Committees: Politics and Policies of an Exile Community 199 Introduction 199 • Initiation of Contacts & Establishment of Panels 202 From Panels to Committees: Attempts to Unify the Emigrations 207 Contents The Radio Free Europe and Voice of America Debate 208 • Commemorations and Publications: Impact on Cold War America 218 • Reassessment of Relations 225 Conclusion 228 • Endnotes 230 • Select Bibliography 235 2 K atalin K ádár Lynn The Hungarian National Council / Hungarian National Committee Magyar Nemzeti Bizottmány / Magyar Nemzeti Bizottság 1947–1972 237 Political Leaders Take Refuge in the West 240 • The Establishment of the Hungarian National Council 240 • Funding of the Hungarian National Council 245 Varga as the HNC’s Unifying Force 258 • What did the HNC provide? 260 The Refugee Service 264 • The Golden Age of Support of the National Councils 267 The HNC and the Assembly of Captive European Nations 270 The Situation in Hungary 272 • HNC Lobbying and Protests Regarding the Hungarian Revolution 277 • First Aid for Hungary/Committee for Hungarian Refugees 282 • Support for the Hungarian Uprising by the ACEN Member Councils and Émigré Groups 285 • Ongoing Protests against the Continued Soviet Occupation of Hungary 286 • The Changing World Created by Détente 293 The Holy Crown 297 • Endnotes 301 • Select Bibliography 308 2 Tibor Fr ank Imre Kovács and Cold War Émigré Politics in the United States (1947–1980) 309 Endnotes 319 • Select Bibliography 322 2 Anna Mazurkiewicz The Schism within the Polish Delegation to the Assembly of Captive European Nations 1954–1972 323 Endnotes 354 • Select Bibliography 361 2 Maria Kokoncheva Democracy in Exile: The Bulgarian National Committee and G.M. Dimitrov 363 The Early Years 364 • In Exile 369 • Political Activity in Exile 370 • The Founding of the National Committees 371 • Organization and Activities of the BNC 374 Contents BNC Sub-Divisions 376 • Activities Directed towards the Bulgarian Immigration 378 The BNC as an International Organization 380 • The BNC in Political Cooperation as a Member of other Organizations 384 • Topics of Particular Importance to the BNC 387 • The End of the Dimitrov Era 390 • Endnotes 392 Select Bibliography 395 2 Anna Mazurkiewicz The Relationship Between the Assembly of Captive European Nations and the Free Europe Committee in the Context of U.S. Foreign Policy, 1950–1960 397 Mikoyan’s Visit 401 • Kozlov’s Visit 406 • Waiting for Mr. K 413 • Khrushchev’s 1959 Visit 416 • Khrushchev’s Return, 1960 421 • The ACEN and its Relationship to its Sponsor, the Free Europe Committee 425 • Endnotes 428 Select Bibliography 436 2 Veronik a Durin-Hornyik The Free Europe University in Exile Inc. and the Collège de l’Europe libre (1951–1958) 439 The Origin of the Idea of the University and its Place in the Context of the Cultural Cold War (1948–1950) 440 • The Appropriation of the University Project by the NCFE (1950–51) 451 • The Organization and Launching of the “Collège de l’Europe libre” in France (1951) 465 • Facing Reality: the Challenges of the First Years and the Transformation of Ideas (1951–1954) 478 • From Big Expectations to Unexpected Closure (1955–1958) 488 • Endnotes...