Where the West Begins: Debating Texas Identity

Index

1 INDEX Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations or tables. Abilene, TX, 89–90, 167n2 abolitionism, 3–4, 27, 121 African Americans Anglocentric narratives of Texas history and exclusion of, 130 cowboys in West Texas, 88 demographic information, 17 educational opportunities for, 89, 90, 94–95 as labor pool, 92–93 segregation in West Texas, 89–91, 94–95 as targets of racially motivated violence, 86–87 agriculture cotton cultivation, 4, 15, 99, 109, 122 decline of, 117–18 and economy of West Texas, 109–10, 117–18 education and, 32–33, 116 environment and, 15–16 irrigation and farming in West Texas, 99, 101–2, 103, 118–19, 125 natural resources and, 102 prices for agricultural land, 108–9 salt deposition in soils, 102, 103–5, 107–8 slavery and, 26, 28–29 twenty-inch rainfall break line and viability of, 102–3 water resources and, 11, 15–16, 28–29, 102–3 (See also irrigation under this heading) yeoman farmer as American ideal, 100–102, 106 See also ranching Alamo, 76–77, 123, 129–30 Alexander, W. J., 48 Alpine, TX, 90 Amarillo, TX, 7, 90–91, 94, 128 Apaches, 17, 124 Archambeau, Ernest, 24 architecture and regional identity, 30–31 Are We Good Neighbors (Perales), 22 aridity, 7, 8, 18, 28–29 and culture of the West, 11, 124 desertification of West Texas, 102, 113–15, 126 droughts, 11, 15–16, 103, 107, 111, 113–15, 118 INDEX 194 Casebier, J. A., 95–96 Cashion, Ty, 124 Casner, Martin, 55 Cates, Cliff, 50 cattle. See ranching cattle drives, 4, 15, 153n84, 153n85 Civil War era trade and, 38, 61–63, 67–70 Chihuahuan Desert, 7, 28–29 Chisum, John, 38, 62, 63–69, 64 map showing location of ranch, 68 Chisum, Pitser, 69 Christian, Garna, 86 civil rights activism, 22–23, 95–98 See also politics; segregation Civil War clashes between Tories and Rebels in West Texas, 55–56 conscription during, 36, 41 depopulation of West Texas during, 38, 43–44, 50–52, 54–55 desertion and deserters during, 41, 52–53, 58–61, 72 divided loyalty in shatterbelt region, 30 frontier defense during, 26, 39–43 German Texans attitudes toward, 36 martial law and Confederate control of West Texas, 36 Tejano attitudes toward, 18, 36, 46 Texas Rangers service during, 39 trade with the enemy during, 38, 61–71 Union occupation of West Texas, 43 West Texas as “disloyal” to the Confederacy , 35, 43, 53, 59–60 Clapp, Earle H., 116 climate droughts in West Texas, 103 ecosystems of Texas, 6–7 See also aridity; water resources Colquitt, Oscar, 123 Comanches, 17, 124 Comanche Springs Pool, as segregated facility, 89, 95 and range degradation of the West, 102, 113–15, 126 See also water resources Austin, Stephen F., 15 the Backbone, 8, 10, 11, 16 Bailey, Vernon, 7 Bakken, Gordon Morris, 22 Banks, Nathanial, 48 Barker, D.S. “Dud,” 81–83 Barker, Eugene C., 6 Barry, Buck, 50–52, 58 Beard, Tom, 109, 117 Bee, H. P., 36, 47 Berlanga, Mary Helen, 130–31 Bewley, Anthony, 4 Biesele, Rudolph Leopold, 27 Big Spring, TX, 90 Birch, John J., 22 Blight, David W., 84 Bliss, Zenas R., 44 Bourland, James, 50, 52, 62, 65–67 Bowie, George, 60 Box, Thadis W., 113 Brightman, L. H., 93 Brown, J. M., 55 Brundage, W. Fitzhugh, 86 Buenger, Walter, 11, 122–23, 129 The Burden of Southern History (Woodward ), 4–5 Burgess, John, 45, 47, 70, 154n90 Caddo Nation, 16 Callan, J. J., 54 Campbell, Randolph “Mike,” 122, 129 Cantrell, Gregg, 123 Carleton, James H., 30, 47, 59–60, 62 Carlson, Paul, 128 Carmack, J. K., 70 Carrigan, William D., 86–87 Carruthers, R. F., 93 Carter, Amon, Sr., 3 195 INDEX Civil War era, 36–38, 45, 62–63 Confederate currency and, 36–37, 38 federal government and, 26–28, 75, 101–2, 106, 113, 125, 143n13 global economy or international trade and, 109, 117 secession as economic issue, 26–28 state government and, 31–32 U.S. Army and frontier, 49 ecosystems of Texas Edwards Plateau, 7–8 Great Plains, 128 High Plains, 7–8 invasive plants, 115 predator eradication, 115 Trans-Pecos, 8 eco-tourism, 117, 127 Edgar, H. T., 57 education agriculture and, 32–33, 116 colleges established in West Texas, 32–33 history curriculums as Anglocentric, 130–31 segregation and, 89, 90, 94–95, 161n59 Edwards Plateau ecosystem, 7–8 El Paso, TX...