Children’s Health Issues in Historical Perspective

Introduction: The Spotlight on Children

Miss Lucy Miss Lucy had a baby, She named him Tiny Tim. She put him in the bathtub To see if he could swim. He drank up all the water, He ate up all the soap, He tried to eat the bathtub But it wouldn't go down his throat. Miss Lucy called the doctor, Miss Lucy called the nurse, Miss Lucy called the lady With the alligator purse. “Mumps,” said the doctor, “Measles,” said the nurse, “Nothing,” said the lady With the alligator purse. Miss Lucy punched the doctor, Miss Lucy knocked the nurse, Miss Lucy paid the Lady With the alligator purse. — Traditional child’s song game still popular in playgrounds Acknowledgements / xi Introduction / 1 The Spotlight on Children Cheryl Krasnick Warsh and Veronica Strong-Boag POLITICS Vegetables on Parade / 23 American Medicine and the Child Health Movement in the Jazz Age Naomi Rogers No More Surprising Than a Broken Pitcher? / 73 Maternal and Child Health in the Early Years of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau Anne-Emanuelle Birn Entre la «Revanche» et la «Veillée» des berceaux / 101 Les médecins québécois francophones, la mortalité infantile, et la question nationale, 1910–1940 Denyse Baillargeon NUTRITION Infant Ideologies / 131 Doctors, Mothers, and the Feeding of Children in Australia, 1880–1910 Lisa Featherstone Perpetually Malnourished? / 161 Diet, Health, and America’s Young in the Twentieth Century Judith Sealander Contents vii The Early Development of Nutrition Policy in Canada / 191 Aleck Ostry RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS Caring for the Foreign-Born / 209 The Health of Immigrant Children in the United States, 1890–1925 Howard Markel La médicalisation de la mère et de son enfant / 227 L’exemple du Vietnam sous domination française, 1860–1939 Laurence Monnais Complicating Childhood / 267 Gender, Ethnicity, and “Disadvantage” within the New Zealand Children’s Health Camps Movement Margaret Tennant Race, Class, and Health / 287 School Medical Inspection and “Healthy” Children in British Columbia, 1890–1930 Mona Gleason Ordering the Bath / 305 Children, Health, and Hygiene in Northern Canadian Communities, 1900–1970 Myra Rutherdale EXPERTS Physician Denial and Child Sexual Abuse in America, 1870–2000 / 327 Hughes Evans “Living Symptoms” / 355 Adolescent Health Care in English Canada, 1920–1970 Cynthia Comacchio The Iconography of Child Public Health / 391 Between Medicine and Reform Janet Golden viii Contents INSTITUTIONS La contribution de l’Hôpital Saint-Paul et de l’Alexandra Hospital à la lutte contre les maladies contagieuses infantiles à Montréal, 1905–1934 / 411 Marie-Josée Fleury and Guy Grenier The Architecture of Children’s Hospitals in Toronto and Montreal, 1875–2010 / 439 Annmarie Adams and David Theodore Frontier Health Services for Children / 479 Alberta’s Provincial Travelling Clinic, 1924–1942 Sharon L. Richardson Selected Bibliography / 507 List of Contributors / 533 Index / 537 Contents ix This page intentionally left blank W e would like to thank the editors and reviewers who have assisted us in the production of this book, including Carroll Klein and Heather Blain-Yanke of Wilfrid Laurier University Press. We also thank Heather MacDougall, Paul Potter, Jacques Bérnier, Othmar Keel, Guy Grenier, Helen Brown, Darcey Kaluza, and Michael Warsh. The financial support of the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine, Associated Medical Services Inc., and Malaspina UniversityCollege is gratefully acknowledged. The following articles, originally published in the Canadian Bulletin of Medical History/ Bulletin canadien d’histoire de la médicine (volume 19, number 1, 2002), were revised for inclusion in this collection: Veronica StrongBoag , “The Spotlight on Children”; Anne-Emanuelle Birn, “‘No More Surprising Than a Broken Pitcher’: Maternal and Child Health in the Early Years of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau”; Denyse Baillargeon, “Entre la «Revanche» et la «Veillée» des berceaux : Les médecins québécois francophones, la mortalité infantile, et la question nationale, 1910–1940”; Laurence Monnais, “La médicalisation de la mere et de son enfant: L’exemple du Vietnam sous domination française, 1860–1939”; Margaret Tennant, “Complicating Childhood: Gender, Ethnicity, and ‘Disadvantage’ within the New Zealand Children’s Health Camps Movement ”; Mona Gleason, “Race, Class, and Health: School Medical Inspection and ‘Healthy’ Children in British Columbia, 1890–1930”; Cynthia Comacchio, “‘Living Symptoms’: Adolescent Health Care in English Canada, 1920–1970”; Annmarie Adams and David Theodore, “The Architecture of Children’s Hospitals in Toronto and Montreal, 1875–2010”; Sharon L. Richardson, “Frontier Health Services for Children : Alberta...