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44 Stewart Warren, The Wife’s Guide and Friend, 5th ed. (Melbourne: Saunders, 1898), 43. 45 Mary Poovey, Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England (London: Virgo, 1989), 35. 46 Editorial, “Infant Mortality in Tasmania,” 205. 47 H. Arthur Albutt, The Wife’s Handbook: How a Woman Should Order Herself during Pregnancy, in the Lying-In room, and after Delivery (Sydney: Modern Medical Publishing , circa 1890), 27. 48 See, among others, Cusson, “Infantile Gastro-enteritis,’’ 188; J. T. Mitchell, “Summer Diarrhoea of Infants,” Australasian Medical Gazette (July 15, 1893): 234. William S. Byrne, “Presidential Address to the QLD Branch of the BMA: Medical Matters in Queensland,” Australian Medical Gazette (December 20, 1904), 608; Chavasse, Man’s Strength, 295; O’Sullivan, Proclivity of Civilised Woman, 16; McNeill, Treatment of Children, 6; Willis, “Mortality and Management,” 56; Gardner , First Few Months, 12; A. Jeffreys Wood, “Preservation of Infant Life,” Intercolonial Medical Journal (March 20, 1908): 141; Editorial, “Infant Mortality,” 205; and Warren, The Wife’s Guide, 43. 49 Evidently some doctors believed that mothers deliberately harmed their infants. For a counter to this argument, see Philip E. Muskett, The Feeding and Management of Australian Infants in Health and Disease, 7th ed. (Sydney: William Brooks, 1906), xxvii. See also evidence from Dr. Worrall, “Report of the Royal Commission on the Decline of the Birth Rate and the Mortality of Infants in New South Wales,” New South Wales Parliamentary Papers, 1904, 40. 50 Editorial, “Infant Mortality.” 51 Wood, “Preservation of Infant Life,” 135. 52 H. Swift, “Cases of Infantile Scurvy,” Australasian Medical Gazette (April 20, 1906): 179. 53 Editorial, “Infantile Mortality,” Australasian Medical Gazette (September 20, 1906): 461. 54 “Report of the Royal Commission,” 40. 55 “Report of the Royal Commission,” 43. 56 Gardner, First Few Months, 9. 57 Sherwood, “Milk Factor,” 27. Italics in original. 58 Service, Natural and Artificial Feeding, 8. 59 McNeill, Treatment of Children, 21; see also Muskett, Feeding and Management, 196. 60 Hunter, What Kills Our Babies? 9. 61 “Report of the Royal Commission,” 42. Internationally, the links between infantile survival and mother care were noted in the late nineteenth century. It was, for example, reported by the American doctor Joel Foster in the Medical Record, of 1873. Foster noted that among institutionalized infants, of those kept with their mother, only 12 per cent died, while of those wet-nursed by another, 72.5 per cent perished. Cited in Janet Golden, A Social History of Wet Nursing in America: From Breast to Bottle (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 117. 62 Anonymous, Healthy Mothers and Sturdy Children: A Book for Every Family (Melbourne : Peter & Knapton Printers, 1893), 83. In the original, this sentence is in bold type, and enlarged one size for maximum impact. 63 Anonymous, Healthy Mothers, 47. 64 Chavasse, Man’s Strength, 304. 65 Albutt, Wife’s Handbook, 26; Anonymous, Healthy Mothers, 47, 93; and Willis, Mortality and Management, 58. 154 LISA FEATHERSTONE 66 Gardner, First Few Months, 22. See also Chavasse, Man’s Strength, 307–308. 67 Anonymous, Healthy Mothers, 83. See also McNeill, Treatment of Children, 46. 68 F. C. Richards and S. Edin Eulalia, Ladies Handbook of Home Treatment (Melbourne : Signs, 1905), 202. 69 Kerreen M. Reiger, The Disenchantment of the Home: Modernising the Australian Family 1880–1940 (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1985), 129. 70 Gardner, First Few Months, 12; Philip E. Muskett, The Illustrated Australian Guide, 2 vols. (Sydney: William Brooks, 1903), 478; Editorial, “The Diet of Infants Deprived of Breast Milk,” Australasian Medical Gazette (February 15, 1894): 61. 71 Muskett, Feeding and Management, lix. 72 Muskett, Illustrated Australasian Medical Guide, 479. 73 Chavasse, Man’s Strength, 300. Australian Health Society, 11th Annual Report and “Rules for the General Management of Infants as Prepared by the Obstetrical Society of London” (Melbourne: H. Cordell Printer, 1886), 5; Service, Natural and Artificial Feeding, 6; and Anonymous, Maid, Wife and Mother (Sydney: n.p., 1883), 57. 74 Willis, Mortality and Management, 57. 75 McNeill, Treatment of Children, 36. 76 J. E. Usher, The Perils of a Baby (Melbourne: Samuel Mullen, 1888), 31. The anonymous author of Wife, Maid and Mother claimed menstruation would cause the milk to deteriorate, 8. Chavasse, Man’s Strength, 329. 77 Valerie Fildes, Breasts, Bottles and Babies: A History of Infant Feeding (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1986), 112. 78 Albutt, Wife’s Handbook, 23. 79 Hunter, What Kills Our Babies? 10. 80 Willis, Mortality and Management, 57; McNeill, Treatment of Children, 36. 81 McNeill, Treatment of Children, 36. 82...

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