Aid and Ebb Tide: A History of CIDA and Canadian Development Assistance

List of Acronyms

This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables and Figures vii List of Acronyms ix Chronology of Key Events xiii List of Ministers and Senior Officials xvii Preface xix 1. Defining Canadian Development Assistance 1 2. The Early Years, 1950­66 27 3. Maurice Strong and the Creation of CIDA, 1966­70 57 4. Global Expansion and Growing Pains, 1970­77 99 5. Retrenchment and Reorientation, 1977­80 143 6. Rethinking the Mission, 1980­83 177 7. Multiple Mandates and Partners, 1983­89 221 8. A Jolt of Fresh Energy?ODA Policy Reviewed, 1984­89 271 9. Shifting Gears, 1989­93 313 10. Ebb Tide, 1993­98 369 11. ExplainingCanadian ODA 425 Appendices A. Canadian Official Development Assistance: Selected Components, Total, and ODA/GNP Ratio, 1949­50 to 1996­97 453 B. Percentage Distribution of Canadian Government­to­Government ODA by Region, Ten­Year CumulativeTotals, 1950­60, and Five­Year CumulativeTotals, 1960­95 455 C. Top Twenty Recipients of Canadian Government­to­Government ODA at Five­Year Intervals, 1960­61 to 1995­96 456 D. Core/Category I and Non­Core/Category II Countries, 1978, 1981, 1986 461 v vi Aid and Ebb Tide E. Publicly Financed Technical Assistance Personnel and Students and Trainees Supported by Canadian ODA, Five­Year Intervals, 1965­95 464 F. Canadian ODA: Proportion of DAC Effort and Comparative Standing, Five­Year Intervals, 1960­95 465 G. Percentage Distribution of All AttributableCountry­to­Country Aid by Region, Canada and DAC Donors, 1970­71, 1980­81, and 1995­96 466 H. Percentage Distribution of AttributableCountry­to­Country Aid by Country Income Level, Canada and All DAC Donors, 1970­71, 1980­81, and 1995­96 467 I. Canadian Multilateral ODA: Proportion of DAC Effort and Comparative Standing, Selected Years 468 Notes 469 Index 587 List of Tables and Figures Tables 1.1. Canadian ODA by Program Channel and Expenditure Category, 1955­56, 1965­66, 1975­76, 1985­86, 1995­96 8 4.1. Percentage Distribution of Bilateral Aid Attributableby Sector, Canada, 1973­76, and All DAC Donors, 1975­76 125 5.1. Percentage Distributionof CanadianBilateral Aid Commitments Attributableby Sector, 1976­79 167 6.1. Percentage Distribution of Attributable Canadian Country­to­Country Aid by Income Level of Recipient Countries, 1980­83 200 6.2. Percentage Distributionof Canadian Country­to­Country ODA Commitments Attributable by Sector, 1980­83 207 7.1. Canada's ODA/GNP Ratio, 1983­89 256 7.2. Percentage Distributionof Attributable Canadian Bilateral Aid by Income Level of Recipient Countries, 1979­80, 1984­85, 1989­90, and Percentage Increases, 1979­80 to 1989­90 258 7.3. Percentage Distributionof Polled Opinionsabout Level of CanadianAid, 1985­88 269 7.4. Percentage Distribution of Polled Opinionsabout the Effectivenessof CanadianAid, 1985­88 269 8.1. Decentralized Posts 306 8.2. Statistical Overview of Decentralized Posts, 1989­90 308 9.1. Percentage Distributionof Allocable Bilateral (Geographic Programs) and Country­to­Country ODA by Sector, 1988­89, 1990­91, and 1992­93 354 9.2. Percentage Distribution of Polled OpinionsAbout Level of CanadianAid, 1989­93 367 Figures 9.1. CIDA and SustainableDevelopment 320 10.1. Index of Real Government Program Spending since 1988 414 Vll ...