Faku: Rulership and Colonialism in the Mpondo Kingdom (c. 1780-1867)

Appendix 2: List of Terms

156 / Faku: Rulership and Colonialism in the Mpondo Kingdom Appendix 2 List of Terms Alfred Country The name given to the land between the Mzimkhulu and Mtamvuna rivers which was annexed by Natal in 1866 Amatolas Mountains located between the Keiskamma and Kei rivers. They were the heartland and military stronghold of the Rharhabe state throughout its wars with the British of the Cape. Also refers to a group of San (Bushmen) living near Pondoland in the 1840s who were allegedly stealing livestock from Natal settlers Beecham Wood A Wesleyan mission in Mpondomise territory , founded in 1856 Bhaca An African group that originated from present -day KwaZulu/Natal, but moved west toward the Mpondo Kingdom in the 1820s where they settled and adopted the Xhosa language. Under the rulership of Ncaphayi, the Bhaca became a semi-autonomous tributary state and important military ally of the Mpondo until 1840 when the Boers of Natalia blamed them for stocktheft. Boers Dutch-speaking settlers whose descendants had arrived in the Cape in the late 1600s and 1700s. The word actually means “farmer.” Bomvana A Xhosa-speaking group who lived just over the southwest boundary of the Mpondo Kingdom Appendices / 157 British Kaffraria This was the name given to the area between the Keiskamma and Kei rivers, inhabited by the Rharhabe and Gqunukhwebe, which was conquered by the British in 1847 and made into a separate colony from the Cape, but administered by the Cape’s governor. Buntingville Founded in 1830, this Wesleyan mission in the Mpondo Kingdom was located on the Mngazi River. Butterworth A Wesleyan mission established in 1827 and located within the Gcaleka state Cele An Mpondo sub-group Clarkebury A Wesleyan mission founded in 1830 and located in the Thembu Kingdom Commando A group of armed men Cwangula An Mpondo sub-group Cwera An Mpondo sub-group Delagoa Bay Location of the present-day city of Maputo in Mozambique, a Portuguese trading centre in the 1800s Durban The name given by the British to Port Natal after their annexation of Natal in 1843 Fingo (Mfengu) A term referring to Xhosa-speaking people living in and around the Cape Colony who were closely allied with the British, provided labour to settler farms and had adopted Christianity 158 / Faku: Rulership and Colonialism in the Mpondo Kingdom Fort Beaufort A Cape colonial town established by the British in 1823 in the Kat River Valley as a military post to guard the border with the Xhosa states Fynn’s People A mysterious African group who lived around the Mzimkhulu River and considered Henry Francis Fynn to be their leader. They were former soldiers in Fynn’s private army in the 1820s and some were his children by his numerous African wives. Gcaleka A precolonial state of Xhosa-speaking people located on the east bank of the Kei River and far west of the Mpondo Kingdom Gingqi A Xhosa-speaking group who inhabited an area of Pondoland west of the Mzimvubu River Gqunukhwebe A precolonial state of Xhosa-speaking people located near the coast between the Fish and Kei rivers close to the Cape Colony. They were conquered by the British in the war of 1846-47. Grahamstown A British colonial town in the eastern part of the Cape Colony. It began as a British military camp in 1811 and officially became a town, capital of the Albany District, in 1814. Griqua A Dutch-speaking group of mixed racial origin who militarily dominated the South African Highveld in the 1820s. In 1863 the British settled a group of Griqua in the northeastern section of the Mpondo Kingdom. This area became called Griqualand East and contains the modern town of Kokstad, named after the Griqua leader Adam Kok. Appendices / 159 Idutywa A mission/colonial outpost founded in the 1850s ImiZizi A vassal state of the Mpondo Kingdom located near the Mzimkhulu River, not to be confused with the AmaZizi who are generally considered part of the Fingo (Mfengu) people. Jali An Mpondo sub-group Kaffirs Today, this is regarded as a highly offensive, racist way of referring to black South Africans. However, in the nineteenth century it was a non-derogatory, colonial term for Xhosa-speaking Africans. Kathlamba Mountains African term for the Drakensberg Mountains running north of the Mpondo Kingdom Kei A major river to the west of the Mpondo Kingdom. The area to the east of the Kei but west of present...