The Road through the Rust Belt: From Preeminence to Decline to Prosperity

Index

311 Index Note: The italic letters b, f, n, and t following page numbers indicate a box, figure, note, or table on that page. Double italics mean more than one such item. Administrative services industries, 76 Aerospace industries, 77 AG. See American Greetings (firm) Agglomeration typology Alfred Marshall and, for industrial clusters, 70–71, 73, 74 transformation of, and cluster evolution, 76, 89–90, 219 Air conditioning, low-cost, 161–164, 182n4 Akron, Ohio, 46, 77, 124 Alabama, 42–43, 60b, 285t Allen Theater, Cleveland, partnerships and, 138–139 AMD (firm), as Fairchild spin-off, 77 Amenity city, as theory of urban prosperity, 127 America Online (firm), as cluster incubator, 77 American Greetings (AG, firm) infrastructures of site locations compared by, 52–54, 53f, 55t, 61 local income vs. property tax and relocation of, 50–51, 54–55 state actions and relocation of, 55–56, 87, 91n5 Americans for Tax Reform, 47 Angel investors, 223–224, 229t, 239n2 Anhui Province, China, productivity growth in, 15–16 Ann Arbor SPARK, Michigan, entrepreneurship and, 231, 232t–236t, 238 Arizona, 229t, 285t Arkansas, 229t, 285t Artisan and design clusters, 71, 90n2, 125, 133 ArtPrize contest, 124, 140, 142n1 Arts in communities, 123–142 conferences on, 123, 128 within cultural ecosystems, 126, 129 Grand Rapids, Mich., 123–124, 140 Milwaukee, Wisc., 124–125 urban redevelopment and, 125–127, 139–140, 141–142 See also Cleveland, Ohio, and the arts Asia, prosperity demand in, 215–216 Assessed value per capita, as infrastructure component, 52–53, 53f Atlanta, Georgia, 60b, 63 Attraction city, as theory of urban prosperity, 127, 130, 131–132, 140 Austin, Texas, high-technology cluster in, 69 Australia, tax-incentives in, 57 Austrian critiques, local initiatives and, 249–256, 267 catallaxy at center of, 252–253, 255, 257, 258 government role implications in, 255–256, 269n8 importance of markets in, 254–255 limitations of decision makers in, 253–254 Automation, jobs and, 95, 105 Automotive industries CAFE and, 166–167 clusters of, and Cleveland employment, 80, 80t midwestern clusters in, 20, 87, 89, 167 southern clusters in, 42–43 transformation of, in cluster evolution, 76, 89–90 U.S. car and truck sales, 167, 168f See also specific manufacturers in, e.g., Toyota (firm) Balbier, Mayor Richard, 50 Bankruptcy, as help or hindrance, 14b, 167, 249 Bowen.indb 311 Bowen.indb 311 12/16/2013 2:14:48 PM 12/16/2013 2:14:48 PM 312 Bowen Beachland Ballroom, Cleveland (music venue), 130 Benefit-cost analysis government need for, 260–261 tax credits and, 49, 58–61, 87 Benefits nature and incidence of, 264–267 private, and public funds, 6, 39, 43 Best Buy (firm), job chain example at, 104 B.F. Goodrich (firm), as cluster incubator, 77 BMW (firm), impact of, 43 Bobgan, Raymond, 133 Boeing (firm), as cluster incubator, 77 Boilers, pollution standards and, 170, 183nn7–8 Boneham, Sunia, artist, 129 Boston, Massachusetts, promise shown by area, 115 Brazil, global economy and, 23 Brooklyn, Ohio case study of tax expenditures by fiscally stressed, 50–56, 62–63 compared to Westlake, 51–54, 53f, 55t, 61 Buffalo, New York change in, and private-public investments, 245–248, 247f, 268nn1–4 locally-generated revenue sources in, 250, 250f, 251f, 269n6 vitality of economics and population in, 277, 280, 300n3 Business activities, 209 incubators of, and cluster evolution, 77, 89 international exchanges as, 29–30, 194, 196 legal backgrounds for, 198–200 training facilities for, 247–248 Business climate, 41–42, 90 Businesses, 103 large, and their impact, 42–43, 55–56, 63, 231 promises made by, 49, 57 relocation decisions by, 46–47, 48, 54–55, 59–60, 61 rigidities and failure of, 89, 192, 207b small, 71, 89, 215 start-up risks and, 219–220, 227–228, 238, 278, 279 (see also Entrepreneurship) CAC (Cuyahoga Arts and Culture), 130, 131, 137 CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy), 166–167 California energy deregulation in, 158, 182n3 industrial clusters in, 69, 71, 73–74, 76, 77 (see also Los Angeles, California; Silicon Valley (California)) innovation and entrepreneurship metrics for, 226t, 285t Canada, immigration policies of, 102 Canton, Ohio, tax incentives for, 46 Capitalism as central to modern life, 25–26 change from Fordist, to post-Fordist, 69, 74 imperfections in, and public policy, 26–27, 256–257 See also Markets Capitol Theater, Cleveland, 133 Career centers counseling and, 107–108, 110, 114– 115 vocational education at, 104, 117n4 Catallaxy, concept of, 252–253, 255, 257, 258 CCCWIB (Cleveland/Cuyahoga County WIB), 110–113, 112t...