Investing in Kids: Early Childhood Programs and Local Economic Development

Index

391 Index The italic letters n, f, and t following a page number indicate that the subject information of the heading is within a note, figure, or table, respectively, on that page. Double italics indicate multiple but consecutive elements. 21st Century Jobs Fund, 61t Abecedarian program, Chapel Hill, 111nn8–9 characteristics of, 95–97, 129–130, 252–256, 255t, 313n9 compared to business incentives, 82, 83f, 88t, 89, 176t context for, 78–79 family earnings effects of, 217nn31– 32 high-quality, for disadvantaged families, 77–78, 84, 86t, 96–97, 108, 131, 195, 316, 317–318, 327 national vs. state benefit-cost ratios of, 289–291, 290f, 291f, 306, 312n3 parental job training in, 205–206, 207, 208f, 209, 217nn31–32 public spending impact of, 106, 216– 217n29 research on, 160, 161, 163 special education in, and cost savings, 212n4, 212–213n5 value of, in state residents’ earnings, 80, 84, 87t, 88t ADHD. See Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders Adult health issues. See Behavioral disorders; Substance abuse African Americans employment rates of, as male exoffenders , 352n25 high-risk children of, 11n4 wage gains to, 149n6 Alabama benefit-cost ratio for universal pre-K in, 274t incentive wars over retail businesses in, 122 resident stability in, 273t Alaska benefit-cost ratio for universal pre-K in, 274t economic impact of child care studied in, 105 resident stability in, 273t Alcohol abuse, estimating benefits of a reduction in problems from. See under Substance abuse Alinsky, Saul, community organizer, 359 Anticrime programs. See Crime reduction Arizona benefit-cost ratio for universal pre-K in, 274t economic impact of child care studied in, 105 incentive wars over retail businesses in, 122 resident stability in, 273t Arkansas, data on, 273t, 274t Assistance to businesses, 123–129 entitlement eligibility for, 17, 62, 117 evaluation of participation in, 170– 171, 298 forms of, 123–124, 125 funding source for, 297, 320 influence on employment practices as, 124, 128–129, 151n17 locality a factor in, 269, 285, 304 raising capital, 58–59, 61t rebates as, for worker income taxes, 56–57, 59, 60t services to manufacturers as, 67, 74– 75n12, 125, 126, 127, 150n14, 150–151n15, 166 392 Bartik Assistance to businesses, cont. Small Business Administration and, 58, 61t timing of, 123–126 wages in exchange for, 67, 120–121, 149n6, 149–150n7, 150n8 See also Business incentives Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) prenatal care as, intervention, 351n20 recurrence reduction of, and estimating its economic development benefits, 344–345, 349t Balanced budget multipliers K–12 programs and, 191 pre-K programs and, 212–213n5 stimulator effect of, 102, 108, 112n13, 149nn1–3, 157–158n41, 216nn24– 25 Bartels, Larry, author, 359 Bass Pro Shops, business incentives not applicable to, 67 Behavioral disorders child (see Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders [ADHD]) severe mental illness as, and estimating economic development benefits of their reduction, 343, 345–346, 349t See also Substance abuse Benefit-cost ratios business incentives and, 64–65, 71–73, 74n9, 149n5, 162, 172– 173n3, 276, 277, 279f, 290f, 330 early childhood programs and, 79–80, 81f, 82–85, 83f, 145, 147, 176f, 186–188, 186f, 187f, 213n7, 255t, 258t, 272, 274t, 289–291, 290f, 291f, 359 JTPA programs and, 203, 207f, 208f, 216n24, 216nn25–28, 216– 217n29, 217n32, 297 local economic development and, 38–39, 54, 55f universal pre-K, 215n18, 215– 216n21, 274t, 276–277, 279f Benefit increases in early childhood programs, 176, 194–201 capitalization and short-run, 194–201, 198t–199t parental employment programs and short-run, 202–209, 207f, 208f Besharov, Douglas, on managing improvement in children’s lives, 159 Bigelow, James, pre-K design research by, 92–94 Blanchard, Olivier, coauthor, 33–36, 51n14, 51–52n15 Blau, David M., on process quality, 141–142 Bolton, Roger, on sense of place, 25–26 Borrowing low-income family and, for services, 325 public, and methods to foil state restrictions, 182–183 risks and constraints on, 261n4, 329 short-term, and cost reductions, 182– 184, 189 Brandeis, Supreme Court Justice Louis, on states as laboratories of democracy, 357 Brave New World (Huxley), 316, 327 Bridges, Margaret, coauthor, 332n2 Brighouse, Harry, on parental rights, 318–319 Brownfield tax credits, 60t BTL curriculum, 144, 156n36 Business incentives alternatives to, 39, 62, 73 benefits of, vary across diverse local economies, 9–10, 32, 220, 223– 228, 225t, 261n5, 267–282, 279f (see also under Economic development benefits) characteristics of, 54, 62, 66–67 costs and dollar value of, 16–17, 49– 50n2, 53, 59, 60t–61t, 70, 73, 73n1, 74n5, 75...