Employment Growth from Public Support of Innovation in Small Firms

Title page

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Copyright page

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Dedication

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Contents

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pp. vii-viii

Acknowledgments

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pp. xi-

Our sincere thanks go out to the many individuals who were directly and indirectly involved in the research, writing, and publication of this book. We greatly appreciate the National Research Council of the National Academies for providing us with access to the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) database....

1 Introduction

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pp. 1-18

The U.S. economy is slowly recovering from what has been the longest and arguably the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) dates this recession as having lasted from December 2007 to June 2009—a period of 18 months.¹ The civilian...

2 Small Business Innovation Research Program

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pp. 19-32

As we mentioned in Chapter 1, productivity growth in the United States fell during the early 1970s and then again during the late 1970s and early 1980s, as it did in many industrialized nations. The evidence shows that total factor productivity growth during the late 1960s and early 1970s was less than one-half of that during...

3 National Research Council Database

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pp. 33-44

The Small Business Reauthorization Act of 2000 mandated that, among other things, the NRC conduct “an evaluation of the economic benefits achieved by the SBIR program” and make recommendations to Congress for improvements to the program. In its evaluation of the SBIR program, the NRC steering...

4 Project-Specific Employment Effects from SBIR Awards

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pp. 45-58

Descriptive statistics on these variables, and all others, are in the Glossary of Variables. Here we focus narrowly and exclusively on the third project-specific employment variable, employees retained by the firm as a result of the technology developed during...

5 Quantifying Long-Run Employment Growth from SBIR Funding

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pp. 59-80

We described in Chapter 4 the project-specific employment effects attributable to SBIR funding in terms of the number of employees retained as a result of technology developed during the funded Phase II project. The mean number of retained employees ranges from one to two across funding agencies; however...

6 Factors Related to Employment Growth from SBIR Funding

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pp. 81-90

In this chapter we continue our discussion of the dynamic issue of whether the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program assists small entrepreneurial firms in clearing the initial hurdles they face and achieving growth beyond...

7 The Exploitation of SBIR-Induced Intellectual Capital and Employment Growth

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pp. 91-102

Firms pursue profit maximization by relying on numerous strategies. Examples of such strategies include, but are certainly not limited to, the development of a new technology with the expectation of selling or licensing it to other firms or even an expectation of being acquired by or merging with other firms. Alternatively...

8 Conclusions

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pp. 103-108

The goals of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, set out by Congress in the Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, did not include the growth of employment. In Chapter 2, we reviewed the legislated goals for the program, both in the 1982 Act and in subsequent reauthorizations. The goals include the stimulation of technological innovation, the use of...

Appendix A - Glossary of Variables and Descriptive Statistics

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pp. 109-126

Appendix B - Technical Appendix

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pp. 127-158

References

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pp. 159-166

Authors

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pp. 167-168

Index

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pp. 169-176

About the Institute

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pp. 177-

The W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research is a nonprofit research organization devoted to finding and promoting solutions to employmentrelated problems at the national, state, and local levels. It is an activity of the W.E. Upjohn Unemployment...