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111 Page numbers in italics refer to checklists, figures, and tables. A aeration (aerification): as an element of soil structure, 34; of mulch, 72; as a turfgrass maintenance practice, 60, 61, 64–65 B balance, as an element of water-efficient landscape design, 3, 4, 5, 20, 21 budget, for water-efficient landscape design, 1, 2, 4, 28–29 C cactus: adaptions to drought, 42; species for water-efficient landscapes, 55 catch cup test: use in a water audit, 86, 90; worksheet, 95 circulation elements: in developing a concept plan, 9, 10; in a formal landscape , 3; in an informal landscape, 4; as an element of program development, 1, 2 clay: content in topsoil guidelines, 37; in developing a water-use zone plan, 13, 14; as an element of soil texture, 30–32, 31; emitter spacing and, 81; impracticality as a soil amendment, 34; irrigation scheduling and, 83, 84; organic amendments and, 33; plant-available water and, 32; size of particle, 31 color: as an adaptation to drought, 39; as an element of water-efficient landscape design, 2, 4, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 25; of mulches, 72, 73, 76; prolonging of seasonal, 15, 17, 19, 20, 106, 107; of species flowers, 44–57; of turfgrass, 60, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 composting: as an element of landscape sustainability, 5; of mulch, 72; providing space for, 1, 27; for soil improvement, 35, 38 concept plan, as an element of waterefficient landscape design, 9, 9–10, 11 cool-season grasses: aeration of, 65; compared to warm-season grasses, 65; fertilization requirements for, 62, 63; species information for, 67, 69 cycle irrigation: accounting for during a water audit, 90; definition of, 84; soil texture and, 83 D drip irrigation: maintenance challenges of, 101; microsprinkler emitters and, 82; subsurface, 61; system maintenance of, 97; use in a landscape, 81; weed control and, 101. See also low-volume irrigation drought stress: broken irrigation system and, 101; in turfgrass, 58, 59, 64 E emitters: calculating the pressure tolerance of a system, 84; as components of an irrigation system, 78–79, 80, 81, 82; for conventional sprinkler irrigation, 86; for drip or low-volume irrigation, 80–82, 84; length of irrigation time and, 83; maintenance of, 93, 97, 98, 101; spacing of, 81–82 emphasis, as an element of water-efficient landscape design, 20, 21, 21–22 Index 112 Water-Efficient Landscaping in the Intermountain West Evapotranspiration (ET or ETo): definition of, 32, 91; method for calculating plant water needs, 78, 91 F fertilization: as an element of water-efficient landscape maintenance, 59, 61–63, 99, 103–104, 108; excessive nitrogen and turfgrass water use efficiency, 63; importance of soil testing and, 104; management of intermountain western native plants and, 37–38; nitrogen requirements for cool-season grasses, 62; nitrogen requirements for warm-season grasses, 62; reduction in the need for by recycling grass clippings, 62, 63 flood irrigation, and turfgrass management, 60 form composition, as an element of waterefficient landscape design, 10, 11–12 form: as an element of water-efficient landscape design, 4, 11, 16–17, 20, 21, 22, 24; use of mulch and, 73 formal landscape style: as an element of water-efficient landscape design, 2, 3, 4, 11, 21, 24, 25, 26; use of mulch in, 73, 75 G ground cover: irrigation of, 78, 82, 83, 86; turfgrass as, 58; use in water-efficient landscapes , 15, 16, 24, 49 ground pattern. See form composition H hardscape, as an element of water-efficient landscape design, 2, 5, 8, 15, 17, 18, 18–19, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29 humates, benefit to intermountain western native plant establishment of, 38 hydrozones: fertilizer use and, 104; irrigation frequency and, 41, 85; irrigation system design and, 77–78; plant selection and, 42–43; soil moisture management and, 37; in turfgrass areas, 59; water-efficient landscape design and, 13–14 I informal landscape style, water-efficient landscape design and, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 11, 15, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26 inline drip emitters: spacing of, 81, 83; tubing and, 81 integrated pest management, water-efficient landscape maintenance and, 105 interconnection, as an element of waterefficient landscape design, 20, 22–24 irrigation controllers: maintenance of, 92; turfgrass management and, 59, 60; weather-based, 101 irrigation schedule: age of planting and, 100; changing seasonally, 94; cycle irrigation and, 60; evapotranspiration and, 91; importance of checking soil moisture and, 85; for nonturfgrass areas, 84; for northern Utah, 91; plant rooting depth and, 85; for southern Utah, 92; sprinkler system...

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