Seeing Underground: Maps, Models, and Mining Engineering in America

illustrations

illustrations I.1. Saxman map 3 1.1. Heller & Brightly mining transit 23 1.2. Savage shaft detail 28 1.3. Solar blueprint machine 31 1.4. Coxe map with end tag 36 1.5. Sixteenth-century surveying, from De Re Metallica 38 1.6. Portrait of mining engineers with tools 51 2.1. Geological section at Drifton, Pennsylvania 56 2.2. Photo of Drifton No. 2 breaker 58 2.3. Portrait of Eckley B. Coxe 65 2.4. Coxe plummet lamp 68 2.5. Drifton map, 1870 72 2.6. Drifton map, 1870, detail 72 2.7. Drifton map, 1872 74 2.8. Drifton map, 1872, detail 74 2.9. Drifton map, 1879, detail 75 2.10. Drifton/Highland boundary pillar 78 2.11. Drifton/Highland boundary pillar encroachment 79 2.12. Drifton, 1905–1927, detail 80 2.13. Drifton robbing authorization, 1927 82 3.1. Using the Brunton pocket transit 99 3.2. Detail of Winchell’s map 100 3.3. Portion of 1,400–foot level, Mountain View Mine 102 4.1. Philadelphia and Reading block model, four views 123 4.2. A block model 124 4.3. Glass plate sectional model 126 4.4. Carved glass model 133 4.5. Anaconda/Neversweat model 136 4.6. Idaho skeleton model 138 4.7. Calumet and Hecla stamp sands dowel model 141 vii viii  Illustrations 5.1. West End Consolidated skeleton model 150 5.2. Company map of Tonopah in 1914 152 5.3. Cross-section of geology, with Siebert Fault 154 5.4. Cross-section of geology, with stringers 165 5.5. Overhead view of West End model 168 5.6. Judge Averill’s map 176 6.1. Coal mine model for classroom use 196 6.2. Concrete mine model 197 6.3. Paper model, New Leonard headframe 199 6.4. Fairmont Coal Mine model in the United States National Museum 208 6.5. Fairmont model at exposition 209 6.6. Pittsburgh Coal Company model in the United States National Museum 210 6.7. Pittsburgh Coal Company model at 1904 Exposition in St. Louis 213 ...