Great Basin Indians: An Encyclopedic History

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g r e a t b a s i n i n d i a n s great basin indians a n e n c y c l o p e d i c h i s t o r y m i ch a e l h i ttm a n u n i v e r s i t y o f n e v a d a p r e s s r e n o & l a s v e g a s University of Nevada Press, Reno, Nevada 89557 USA Copyright © 2013 by University of Nevada Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Design by Kathleen Szawiola Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hittman, Michael. Great Basin Indians : an encyclopedic history / Michael Hittman. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87417-909-5 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-87417-910-1 (ebook) 1. Indians of North America—Great Basin—History— Encyclopedias. 2. Indians of North America—Great Basin—Social life and customs—Encyclopedias. I. Title. E78.G73H573 2013 979.00497—dc23 2012046512 The paper used in this book meets the requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R2002). Binding materials were selected for strength and durability. First Printing 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1 Dedicated to Great Basin Indians, in whose remarkable survival for more than ten thousand years in the deserts and plateau regions of this part of western America we continue to rejoice. Ironically, despite the recent designation of Cave Rock as a Washoe sacred site, the current plan to bury radioactive waste atop Yucca Mountain, arguably a geologically volatile area not far from Charleston Peak, the Southern Paiute axis mundi, threatens us all. “What claim do the Indians put forward to the land?” In reply to this question asked by the mayor of Corrine, Utah, a fellow Mormon, George Washington Hill, who knew Shoshone and worked as a translator, stated, “Simply that they were the original owners and had never sold it. They make no other claim whatsoever.” —“The Indian Ejection,” Desert News, August 27, 1875 I will not put my hand to the paper [Treaty of Spanish Fork, 1865] now. If it is a good paper, that is enough. This is my land. I shall stay here on this land till I get ready to go away, and then I shall go the Snakes [Shoshone] or somewhere else. —Sanpitch, Southern Paiute He who comes to my abode and bargains for free transit or a right-of-way across the land on which I live and which I proclaim to be my own certainly recognizes that I have a claim to it. —Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas dissenting opinion, Northwestern Bands of Shoshone Indians v. United States, 324 US 335, 65 Supreme Court 690, 89 L. Ed 985 (1945) ...