Norwegians and Swedes in the United States: Friends and Neighbors

Index

❖ 311 Index Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures; those followed by t and n refer to tables and notes (with note number), respectively. Aasen, Ivar, 225 Aasgaard, Johan A., 154, 158, 163–65, 166, 222 academy movement, 180 Ager, Waldemar, 120 agrarian movement, Scandinavian support of, 10 Alba, Richard, 16–17 Albinson, Ernest Dewey, 249–50, 250, 256n25 ALC. See American Lutheran Church; American Lutheran Conference Aldrich, Chilson D. “Stooge,” 249, 255–56n22, 256n24 Aldrich, Darragh, 256n24 Allmänna Svenska Prästföreningen (Swedish Pastoral Association), 46 Allsvensk Samling (periodical), 46 Alsaker, Alfred, 212 American-born Scandinavians: dilution of ethnic identity in, 270, 271, 272–73; as majority after World War I, 10 American Indians, Moberg on, 58–59, 64 American Lutheran Church (ALC): and American Lutheran Conference, 156, 157; formation of, 156, 162, 167, 168n5; and Lutheran merger negotiations, 157, 161–62; merger with ELCA, 13 American Lutheran Conference (ALC): and Concordia College, 222; formation of, 156, 161; and Lutheran merger negotiations, 154, 157, 162; purpose of, 156–57 American Lutheranism, 176–77 “American Press Opinion and Norwegian Independence , 1905” (Leiren), 110–11 American Swedish Institute, 106n23 Amerika (periodical), 131 Andersen, Arlow, 139 Andersen, Arlow W., 111–12, 113 Andersen, Lars, 299 Anderson, Albert E., 166 Anderson, Avis R., 298 Anderson, John W., 288–89 Anderson, Paul F., 77 Anderson, Rasmus B., 126–27, 133 Anderson, Wendell, 13 Andreen, Gustav, 90–91 Anishinaabe (Ojibwe; Chippewa), 239, 243, 246 anti-evolution bill(s): fundamentalist activism for, 175–76; Minnesota Senate debate on, 170–71; newspaper coverage of, 188n3; origin of, 172; states voting on, 173; underlying issues at stake in, 172, 181–82, 184, 188. See also evolution anti-evolution bill(s), Norwegian American Lutheran views on: common man’s views, 184–87, 190n10; divisions in, 173, 181; fundamentalist activism, attractiveness of, 171, 174–75, 176; intellectuals’ views, 181–84, 187–88; and separation of church and state, 173–74, 181–83, 185–86; two-kingdom doctrine and, 173, 182–83, 184, 188, 190n10; as unique perspective, 171; unwillingness to cooperate with fundamentalist activism, 171, 174–78, 181–84, 188 anti-evolution movement, overview of, 172–73 Anti-Missourian Brotherhood, 178 Anti-Missourian Synod, 220 Arctander, John W., 144 Arestad, Sverre, 5, 25 assimilation: as issue in scholarly journals, 119; as Mormon policy, 304; native language use and, 93; as paradigm in Swedish literature, 15; vs. preservation, in Rølvaag’s Giants in the Earth, 60, 61–63; religion as barrier to, 16 Augsburg College, 105n19 Augustana (periodical), 45, 90 Augustana Book Concern, 90 Augustana College, 90, 105n19, 107, 113 Augustana Lutheran Church, 168n1 Augustana Synod: and American Lutheran Conference, 156, 157; declining use of Swedish by, 90–92; leadership of, during Lutheran merger negotiations, 159, 162–67; and Lutheran merger negotiations, 154–55, 157, 161–62, 166, 167; mission work, 160–61; name change by, 168n1; Norwegian withdrawal from, 160, 220; relations with NLCA, 160–61; reunification of Scandinavian denominations, 12–13; schism along ethnic lines, 8–9; and Swedish culture preservation efforts, 45–46; and United Norwegian Lutheran Church, 178; views on evolution, 174 automobile, and explosion of tourism, 249 312 ❖ Index Backhe, Halvard, 40 Baptists, Swedish, 191–92n20, 297, 299 Barone, Michael, 291 Barton, H. Arnold, 6, 110, 116, 127, 139–40 Bassøe, Bjarne, 201 Becoming Swedish-American (Blanck), 147 Beder, P., 132–33 Beijbom, Ulf, vii, 7 Bendeke, Karl, 289 Benson, Ben, 270 Benson, Ida, 270 Benson, Morris, 270 Benson, Oscar A., 159 Benson, Paul, 113 Benson, Thomas, 296 Berg, Ann, 79–80, 80 Berg, Eskil, 202–3 Bergendoff, Conrad J. I., 12, 159, 162 Bergesen, B. E., 185 Berglund, Gust, 250 Bergs-Väktaren (newspaper), 298–99, 301 Berner, Carl, 42 Bersell, Petrus Olof, 159, 162, 164–65 Bethany College, 96, 98, 104n19 Bethany Lutheran Church (Lindsborg, KS), 97 Bethel Norwegian Lutheran Church (Minneapolis ), 184–85 Bikuben (newspaper), 303 bilingualism, balance of proficiencies in, 87, 87t Bjork, Kenneth O., 108, 109–10, 114, 116, 118, 197, 204, 210, 211, 212, 296, 303–4 Björk, Ulf Jonas, 140 Björkman, Lars, 46 Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne, 28–29, 50, 225, 267, 268 Bladh, Gabriel, 252n1 Blaine, James G., 126 Blanck, Dag, 45, 147 Blegen, Theodore A., 29–30, 110, 111 Block, William, 293n11 Blom, John, 287 Blomquist, John, 288 Bloodstoppers and Bearwalkers (Dorson), 76 Boe, Hans C., 301 Boe, Lars Wilhelm, 181; and anti-evolution bill, 171, 181, 183–84, 193n28; and Lutheran merger negotiations, 158, 159–60, 162, 163–64, 165...