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169 Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations and captions A. Booth Company, 115–18 Aerial Lift Bridge, 109 A. Folsom (steamer), 133 agriculture on Lake Superior, 50–51; see also wild rice Albinson, Dewey, Trip’s End, 41 Algic Researches, Comprising Inquiries Respecting the Mental Characteristics of the North American Indians (Schoolcraft), 69 Algonquin (people), 17, 19–20, 24, 42, 58 Algonquin (schooner), 83 Allouez, Claude, Jesuit missionary, 23–24 America, 134 American Fur Company: considers supplementing furs with fish, 78; copper transportation, 82; declares ­ bankruptcy, 80; fishing operation, 79–80; headquarters moved to La Pointe, 78; hires Ramsay Crooks as president, 78; incorporated by John Jacob Astor, 61; reliance on Mackinaw boats, 78; signs secret agreement with Hudson’s Bay Company, 62; trading posts, 61, 61, 107; see also Astor, John Jacob American Revolution, 56–57 Anishinaabe. See Ojibwe Apostle Islands, 4, 46, 116, 158–61, 163 Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Headquarters, 158 Apostle Islands State Forest, 163 Army Corps of Engineers, 94, 132 Arthur M. Anderson (ore boat), 142–44 Ashland, county of: acquires holdings on Apostle Islands, 158; formation of, 100 Ashland, founding and growth, 99–104 Ashland Press (newspaper), 102 Astor, John Jacob: incorporates American Fur Company, 61; moves to Lake Superior, 59–60; see also American Fur Company Au Sable Point: lake exploration, 36, 76; lighthouse, 125–26 Bad River Indian Reservation, 29, 159, 163 Baraga County Museum, 16 Bayfield, Henry Wolsey: charts Lake Huron, 70–72; charts Lake Superior, 77; encounters John J. Bigsby, 73–74; returns to England, 77 Bayfield, town of, 115–17 Bayfield County Press (newspaper), 117 Bayfield Maritime Museum, 120 “Big Sable” lighthouse, 125–26 Bigsby, John J.: arrives at Fort William, 74; on his encounter with Henry Wolsey Bayfield, 73–74; James Basire’s map of Lake Superior, 75; journal, 72–73; on Nipigon Bay, 74 Blackduck culture, 17 Booth, Alfred. See A. Booth Company boundary, U.S. and Canada, 70–77 Britain: conquers Canada, 51; Grand Portage garrison, 58; military posts, 58; see also charting Lake Superior; French and Indian wars; fur trade Brulé, Etienne, 20 Burlington Northern Ore Docks, 107 Burt, William A., surveyor, 95 index 170 Index Cabot, J. Elliot: camp at Michipicoten, 80; Lake Terraces, 10 Cadotte, Achille, 83 Cadotte, Jean Baptiste, 56–57 Calhoun, John C., secretary of war, 63–65 Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, 87–88, 94 Canada: British conquest of, 51; builds canal, 94; conservation movement, 164; oldest house in, 45; Passage Island lamp, 126; see also boundary, U.S. and Canada; French and Indian wars; North West Company canals: Erie, 114, 149; Kiel, 94; Minnesota Point, 109; Panama, 94; Sault Ste. Marie, 88–97, 114; Suez, 94; Welland Ship Canal, 122, 150 Canfield, Augustus, businessman, 91 canoes: Montreal, 52, 54–55, 64–65; New France fur trade routes for, 48–49; Ojibwe, 30–31 Cape Cod National Seashore, 160–61 Carnegie, Andrew, steel magnate, 112–13 Cass, Lewis, governor, 63 Cass Expedition (1820): approved by John C. Calhoun, 64; arrives at Fort William, 74; arrives at St. Louis River, 69; Chequamegon Bay, 68–69; copper rock side trip, 66–67; Indian copper mines, 67; Keweenaw­ Peninsula, 66; land sale negotiation, 65–66; Montreal canoe, 64–65; Ojibwe village ­ entertainers, 67–68; river route to Mississippi, 69; Sault Ste. Marie fort, 65; shoreline descriptions, 66 Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, Robert, explorer, 41 Champlain, Samuel de, governor, 19–20 Charles II, King, 39 charting Lake Superior, 73–77 Chequamegon Bay: 1820 Cass ­ Expedition, 68–69; fort at, 44–45; Ojibwe settlement , 45–46; post bought by North West Company, 57; post established at, 42; Radisson at, 37–38 Chequamegon Hotel, Ashland, 102, 102 Chicago and Northwestern Depot, Ironwood, 101 Chouart, Medard (Sieur des Groseilliers): lake exploration, 35–39; winters at James Bay (1668–69), 39 chronometer, 71, 72 City of Bangor, 137 Civilian Conservation Corps, 156 Clay, Henry, politician, 89 Cleveland Iron Company, 96–98 Cleveland Mountain, 96 Cliff Mine, 83–84, 84, 87 Clovis people, 14 commercial fishing. See fishing industry Consolidated Paper Company, 156 copper: lodes, 84; melted for transportation , 87; mines, 67; quality of, 86; rock, 66–67, 82–83; uses for, 81 Copper Harbor: first hotel at, 84; first mine shafts drilled, 83–84; land office opened at, 82; lighthouse, 124–25, 130; tent city and army post, 84 copper rock, legendary, 66–67, 82–83 Coppertown, USA, Mining Museum, 90 Corning, Erastus, businessman, 91 Cote, Pierre, fisherman, 79 Crampton, James C., congressman, 156 Cree Indians...

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