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NOTE S TO PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Although popularly known as the Civilian Conservation Corps,or ccc,this program’s first official name was the Emergency Conservation Work Program, or ecw.The name was not officially changed until June 1937, but because the program was then and still is generally referred to as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the author has chosen to use that name throughout this book. 2. Harvey Richart,interview by Edward P .Nelson, Jan 13, 1994, Iron Range Research Center Collections , Chisholm, MN [hereafter, irrc]. Guy Osborn,interview by BarbaraW.Sommer,Apr 8, 1983, irrc. NOTE S TO CHAPTER 1 1. William E. Lass, Minnesota: A History (New York:W.W. Norton & Co., 1998), 255–56. 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,Upper Mississippi Region,“Gilmore Creek Soil Conservation Demonstration Project atWinona, Minnesota” (ca. 1938), Civilian Conservation Corps Collection [hereafter ccc Collection ], irrc, 1. 3. Lass, Minnesota, 255–56. Robert “Skip” Drake, “The Conservation Corps:A Brief History,” in It Was A Good Deal: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Northeastern Minnesota, ed. Edward P . Nelson and Barbara W. Sommer (Duluth, MN: St.Louis County Historical Society,1987),9.Kirk Jeffrey, “The Major Manufacturers: From Food and Forest Products to High Technology,” in Minnesota in a Century of Change:The State and Its People since 1900, ed.Clifford E.Clark,Jr.(St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society [hereafter, mhs] Press, 1989), 238. 4. John Rabuze, John Cackoski, Russell Sundberg, interview by Edward P .Nelson,Mar 4,1983;Eino Lahti, interview by BarbaraW. Sommer,Apr 27, 1983; Nick Radovich, interview by Edward P . Nelson, Dec 3, 1982, all irrc. 5. P .J.Halloran,interview by Elizabeth Bright,Mar 1, 1983, irrc. David A. Shannon, The Great Depression (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1960), 30. David Nass, “The Rural Experience ,” in Clark, ed., Minnesota in a Century of Change, 144–45. 6. William T. Cox, “First Biennial Report of the Department of Conservation, State of Minnesota , 1931 and 1932,”23,Department of Conservation Records, Minnesota State Archives [hereafter, msa], mhs. Drake, “Civilian Conservation Corps,” 9. 7. Claude Darst,interview by BarbaraW.Sommer, Sep 28, 1993, irrc. 8. Reinhold Holmer, interview by Edward P . Nelson , Jan 13, 1994. Darst interview. Paul Sersha, interview by Edward P . Nelson, Feb 9, 1994, all irrc. 9. Darst interview. 10. Clarence Johnson,interview by StanleyA.Johnson , May 18, 1976, Chippewa National Forest Collections, Cass Lake, MN [hereafter, cnfc]. Raymond Noyes, interview by BarbaraW. Sommer , Jan 12, 1983, irrc. 11. Ernest Anderson, interview by Edward P . Nelson , Dec 12, 1982, irrc. 12. Michael T. Sanchelli,“The Great Depression in Swede Hollow–Part I,” Minnesota’s Greatest Generation Project, Story ID 168,Aug 11, 2005, mhs, http://people.mnhs.org/mgg/story.cfm ?storyid=168 (accessed Jun 29, 2007). 13. Allen Conkright, interview by BarbaraW. Sommer , Feb 1, 1983, irrc. 14. As conditions worsened,payments to the needy in Minnesota rose from $9 million in 1933 to $33 million in 1934. Drake, “Civilian Conservation Corps,”9.David M.Kennedy,Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1999), 67. 15. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 98. NOTES TO CHAPTER 2 1. Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle,eds.,The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980 (Princeton , NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), 3. 2. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 118. 3. John A. Salmond, The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933–1942: A New Deal Case Study (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1967), 26. Stan Cohen, The Tree Army: A Pictorial History of the Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933–1942 (Missoula, MT: Pictorial History Publishing Company,1980);“Roosevelt’sTreeArmy:A Brief History of the Civilian Conservation Corps,” 168 NOTES http://www.cccalumni.org/history1.html (accessed Jun 29, 2007); “ccc History: Roosevelt’s Tree Army:A Brief History of the Civilian Conservation Corps by the National Association of Civilian Conservation Corps Alumni,” http:// idahopublictv.com/outdoors/shows/ccc/ history/treearmy.html (accessed Jun 29, 2007). 4. Salmond, Civilian Conservation Corps, 8. 5. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, 118. Salmond, Civilian Conservation Corps, 8. Don Congdon, “The New Deal–Junior Division,”in TheThirties: A Time to Remember, ed. Don Congdon (New York:Simon and Schuster,1962),164.William C. Tweed, Laura E. Soulliere, Henry G. Law, Rustic Architecture: 1916–1942 (San Francisco, CA: Division of Cultural Resource Management, Western Regional Office,National Park Service, Department of the Interior, 1977), http:// www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/ rusticarch/introduction.htm...

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