Archaeological Landscapes on the High Plains

Illustrations

ix 1.1. Archaeological Landscapes on the High Plains study area 4 1.2. Map of the High Plains, highlighting case studies discussed in volume 10 2.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting Donovan site study area 18 2.2. Map of the Central and High Plains 21 2.3. Donovan first occupation plan view and density contour of bone weight 24 2.4. Historic map of Logan County, Colorado, and vicinity 28 2.5. Historic business card and check blotter advertising Len Sherwin’s ranching operations 29 2.6. Laura Scheiber’s mental map of the Donovan site and Lewis Canyon 32 2.7. Donovan site excavation units, July 1997 33 Illustrations il l us trations x 3.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting southern Colorado burned rock middens 43 3.2. The large burned rock midden at 5LA5840 51 3.3. A burned rock midden 53 4.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting distribution of burials in the Platte and Arkansas river basins 74 4.2. Post-Archaic (Late Prehistoric–stage) cultural chronology for eastern Colorado 75 4.3. Distribution of prehistoric radiocarbon ages in the Plains subregion of the Platte and Arkansas river basins 80 4.4. Summed probability distributions of archaeological radiocarbon ages for the Plains subregion in the Platte and Arkansas river basins 81 4.5. Comparisons of proxy population curve for the Plains subregion of the Platte River Basin 84 4.6. Elevation map of northeastern Colorado with the locations of both Archaic and Late Prehistoric sites containing burials 98 5.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting the Llano Estacado of western Texas and eastern New Mexico 116 5.2. Western escarpment of the Llano Estacado 118 5.3. Drainage system, major dune fields, and selected sites of the Llano Estacado 123 5.4. Modern geomorphic features in relation to the regional Blackwater Draw Formation 125 5.5. The Colston Playa near Floydada, Texas 126 5.6. Tahoka Lake, a large salina near Tahoka, Texas 127 5.7. Lower Yellowhouse Canyon 135 5.8. Breached playa basin of the San Jon site 138 6.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting sites discussed in this chapter 159 6.2. Archaeology field crew at overlook into the lower Purgatoire Canyon system 160 6.3. Modified rock shelter at Wild Plum 164 6.4. Historic and prehistoric rock art in the Lower Purgatoire 167 7.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting sites discussed in this chapter 175 7.2. Map of internationally contested region of southeastern Colorado 176 7.3. Redrawn from map and accompanying text in a letter from Manuela Lopez to Julia Lopez Hudson 181 7.4. Topographic map of the Lopez Plaza site 186 7.5. Enclosed corral area of Lopez Plaza 187 7.6. Church built by Don Damacio Lopez 188 Illustrations xi 7.7. Lopes [Lopez] headstone at the church 189 7.8. Woman’s hair comb from domestic area of Lopez Plaza excavation 190 7.9. Woman’s makeup pencil from domestic area of Lopez Plaza excavation 191 7.10. Topographic map of Roybal Homestead site 194 8.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting the location of the Oglala National Grassland 205 8.2. Landscape taphonomy, a conceptual model 209 8.3. The Modified-Whittaker multiscale vegetation sampling plot 220 8.4. Example of a harvester ant mound 223 8.5. Influence of grazing intensity on artifact displacement during the study period 224 8.6. Grazing intensity also influenced artifact recovery 225 8.7. Cow pie density plots 226 8.8. Human behavior and archaeological data in space and time 229 9.1. Map of the High Plains, highlighting the study area in this chapter 238 9.2. High Plains of western Nebraska general study area and Cheyenne Table 239 9.3. Three physiographic zones in the study area 240 9.4. Playas in upland zone utilized in August after late July thunderstorms 241 9.5. View of woodland zone in the Rocky Hollow 241 9.6. View of creek zone, with Point of Rocks woodland zone in background 242 9.7. Map showing combined butte and playa locations throughout the study area 243 9.8. Map of fourteen watersheds in the study area 246 9.9. Map showing localized areas in woodland scarp zones with abundant juniper and pine 247 9.10. Map showing location of the Rocky Hollow watershed and...