Massacred for Gold: The Chinese in Hells Canyon

Index

Index Adams, Minnie, 25, 144 Adams, Sam, 23 Alien Land Law of 1923, 151 Angell Treaty of 1880, 71, 73 Applegate Valley, 65 Arthur, Chester, 74 Asian American Comparative Collection, 10, 58 The Associated Press, 98 Atlantic Monthly, 28 Axtell, Horace, 181 Baker City, Oregon, 79, 112: Chinatown, 173-75; Chinese cemetery, 175-76 Baker County, 174: Historical Society, 176 Bare, Isaac, 106, 185, 186-87 Barnes, Joseph, 141 Bartlett, Grace, 39, 157-60, 171 Bartlett, Harry, 158 Bayard, Thomas F., 71, 82-85, 114-16, 117, 118, 135: response to claims, 120 Bayard-Chang treaty of 1888, 134 Bayles, Hezekiah and Minnie, 147 Bear Paw Mountains, 97 Beckelheimer, Andy, 22, 150 Bee, Frederick A., 67, 81, 138 Bend Bulletin, 160 Beuk Aie Temple, 37-38, 175 Blue Mountains, 90: mining camps in, 174 Boise, Idaho, 30, 48, 141 Bollman Funeral Home, 164 Boswell, Ben, 99-101, 106: family background, 100, 106 Branscom, George D. and Maude, 149 Brewrink, James, 58 Bruce Evans Basin, 143 Burlingame, Anson, 71 Burlingame Treaty of 1868, 71 Butterfield, Alfred, 160 California, 28, 32, 35: labor conflict and anti-Chinese agitation and violence in, 36, 76 Camp Creek, 40, 142 Canadian Pacific Railroad, 35 Canfield, Hiram, 21, 106, 147, 148 Canfield, J. Titus, 19, 20, 21, 22-23, 41, 43, 66, 88, 89, 103, 106, 113, 129, 140-41: new name and life in Glenns Ferry, Idaho, 147-49; nicknames, 21; “proposal,” of massacre 23-24; and rustling case, 131-32, 170; and search for buried gold, 142 Canfield, Jennie, 148 Canfield, Mary, 21, 22, 147, 170 Canfield, Roy, 148, 149 Canfield, Seth, 143 Carnahan, Donna, 147 Central Pacific Railroad, 34-35 Chang Yen Hoon, 83-85, 114-15, 117, 119, 135: beheaded, 136; statement of claims, 118-19 Chea Po and his crew, 8, 12-13, 1516 , 17, 27-29, 30, 38, 60, 61, 84: named, 8, 27, 45 Cheng Tsao Ju, 82-83, 117 Chief Joseph (Tuekakas), 94; grave of, 178 Chief Joseph (Hin-mah-too-yahlat -kekht), 16, 53: capture and surrender speech of, 97; grave of, 178; and Snake River crossing, 96; Chief Joseph Days, 97, 178 Chief Joseph Herald, 39, 162 China, 12: diplomatic relations with U.S., 27, 72; Guangdong (Kwangtung) Province, 27, 34, 134; Guangzhou (Canton), 27, 34; Hong Kong, 28-29, 34; New York consulate of, 72, 81; Punyu, 27, 29; rulers of, 72, 136; Qing (Manchu) dynasty, 34, 71, 119, 134; San Francisco consulate of, 45, 46, 72, 81, 115, 138; Taiping rebellion, 34; Washington D.C. legation, 67, 71, 72, 74 Chinamen’s Gulch, 39 Chinatowns, 32, 35, 36, 173 Chinese cemetery, 26, 175-76 Chinese statement of claims, 118-19 Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, 27, 176-77 Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 9, 27, 74-76, 119: exclusion laws lifted 1943, 151; Scott Act, 134-36 Chinese gold, 23, 44: estimates of value, 26, 44, 113, 137, 140; search for buried gold, 142-43 Index 205 Chinese gold miners, 12, 16, 17, 28: camps, 63-65, 174; population of, 31; prohibited in mining districts, 31; tax on, 65. See also gold, gold mining Chinese immigration, 8, 10, 28-29, 32, 34, 134, 173; 1877 study of, 73; anti-Chinese ordinances, 73; credit-ticket system, 28; letter from immigrant, 36; total numbers, 32, 35, 76; violence against, 36, 73, 76, 77-79. See also Chinese Exclusion Act Chinese Massacre Cove, 180-81; healing ceremony at, 181 Chinese Merchants Exchange, 82 Chinese population in U.S. and West, 32-33. See also Chinese immigration Chinese Six Companies, 27, 28, 176 Chinese temples, 37-38, 174-75 Chinese “walls”: at Deep Creek, 57; at other mining sites, 59 Circuit Court, 88: 1888 trial, 121-26, 168-69; grand jury indictments, 88, 101, 113, 132, 133; and property owners’ petition, 111; trial journal, 124, 128, 167-68 Clark, William, 30 Clearwater River, 30, 36 Cleveland, Grover, 47, 76, 82, 83, 119, 134-35 Columbia River and Gorge, 30, 90 Colville Reservation, 178 Conner, Earl “Taz,” 178-79 Coshow, Robert, 131 Craig, Frazier, 45, 128 Craig, George, 40, 45-46, 52, 66, 113, 125, 126, 177: ; 1936 interview, 126-27 Craig (Douglas) cabin, 41-42, 125 Dead Line Creek, 13, 19, 41, 56 Deep Creek, 12, 13, 16, 39, 43, 50, 54, 56, 83; camp described, 61; described, 56-58; healing ceremony at, 181; inventory at, 50; scavengers at, 140 Douglas, Thomas J., 19-20, 40, 55, 56; gold stolen from, 24, 140-41, 143 Dug Bar, 16, 51...