Here on the Edge: How a Small Group of World War II Conscientious Objectors Took Art and Peace from the Margins to the Mainstream

Notes

279 Notes notes to chapter 1 1 Sibley and Jacob, Conscription of Conscience, 83, 487. 2 Barber, Ogden, and Jones, Camp 56: An Oral History Project, Charles Davis, 30. Hereafter cited as Oral History Project, followed by the name of the interviewee and page numbers. 3 William Everson to Edwa Everson, January 21, 1943. William Everson Papers, 1937–71, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles. Hereafter cited as Everson Papers, UCLA. All letters attributed to Everson are from this collection unless otherwise noted. 4 Everson, The Residual Years, 368. 5 Bartlett, William Everson, 37. 6 Oral History Project: Charles G. Jehnzen, 106. See also quote from Selective Service Director Lewis B. Hershey: “The conscientious objector, by my theory, is best handled if no one hears of him.” (U.S. Senate, Committee on Military Affairs, Conscientious Objectors’ Benefits, 78th Congress, 1st sess., Feb. 17, 1943, 17.) 7 Eshelman, “Everson and the Fine Arts at Waldport,” in Hall, Hotchkiss, and Shears, Perspectives on William Everson, 10. 8 Mills, “History of the Founding and Organization of the Waldport Camp,” in Camp Waldport Records, UO, 2. 9 Ibid., 5. 10 Ibid., 5. 11 Everson to Lawrence Clark Powell, Jan. 28, 1943, in Everson and Powell, Take Hold, 353. 12 Oral History Project: Jim Gallaghan, 75. 13 Sibley and Jacob, Conscription of Conscience, 216–17. 14 Murray Morgan, Islands of the Smokey Sea: The Story of Alaska’s Aleutian Chain (Fairbanks: Alaskan Prospectors Publishing, 1981), 11–13. 15 Infrastructure Finance Authority, Waldport Community Profile, accessed Oct. 11, 2009, www.orinfrastructure.org/profiles/Waldport. 16 Mills, “History of the Founding,” 2. 17 Oral History Project: Forrest Jackson, 95. 280 notes 18 Mills, “History of the Founding,” 3, 7. 19 Everson and Powell, Take Hold, 369; Assignment form, Center on Conscience and War Records (DG 025, Series F-1, Box 166, Part 1, Harold Hackett), Swarthmore College Peace Collection. 20 Coffield biography compiled from Everson to Edwa, Jan. 29, 1943 and Feb. 7, 1943; and Hackett to Edwa, Aug. 1, 1943, all from Everson Papers, UCLA; Everson and Powell, Take Hold,, 353; Glen Stemmons Coffield Papers, Coll. 217, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. (Hereafter cited as Coffield Papers, UO.) 21 Tide, Nov. 1942; Sibley and Jacob, Conscription of Conscience, 193. 22 All quotes in this and the following paragraphs are from Untide vol. 1, nos. 1–12 (Jan.–Mar. 1943). Unless otherwise noted, all Untide quotes are from Coffield Papers, UO. The identity of the Mole has been a topic of much conjecture over the years, with different sources claiming it was Coffield or Hackett. Upon full review of the Untide Press records, Everson papers, and Coffield papers, the author’s conclusion is that the Mole was a joint identity: Coffield and Hackett the main writers, with Everson and Siemons contributing to varying degrees. See appendix 4 for Coffield’s explanation in verse. 23 Palandri, “Waldport,” 16. notes to chapter 2 1 Milne, Peace with Honour, 4, 49. 2 Ibid., 107. 3 Ibid., 209–11. 4 Ibid., v. 5 Milne, War with Honour, 12. 6 Jacob, Origins of Civilian Public Service, 9–10. 7 Hershberger, War, Peace, and Nonresistance, 382–83. 8 Schlissel, Conscience in America, 29. 9 Ibid., 30. 10 Hershberger, War, Peace, and Nonresistance, 93. 11 As cited in Schlissel, Conscience in America, 47. 12 As cited in Selective Service System, Conscientious Objection, 1:38. 13 Ibid., 1:39–40. 14 Henry D. Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience and Non-Violent Resistance,” in Sibley, The Quiet Battle, 26–27. 15 Schlissel, Conscience in America, 88. 16 Ibid., 89, 110–12. 17 Thomas, Conscientious Objector, 62; Schlissel, Conscience in America, 90. 18 Pringle, Record of a Quaker Conscience, 44, 77. 19 Schlissel, Conscience in America, 124. 20 Ibid., 119. 21 Thomas, Conscientious Objector, 65. notes 281 22 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “Endowment History,” accessed July 20, 2010, www.carnegieendowment.org/about/index.cfm ?fa=history. 23 Bernays, Propaganda, 9. Bernays provides an illuminating note on how he created the term “public relations,” in the 2002 BBC documentary, Century of the Self. “I decided that if you could use propaganda for war, you could certainly use it for peace. And ‘propaganda’ got to be a bad word because of the Germans using it, so what I did was to try to find some other words. So we found the words ‘counsel on public relations.’” 24 Thomas, Conscientious...