Double V: The Civil Rights Struggle of the Tuskegee Airmen

Index

Index A Abbott, Robert, 21; aviation supporter , 64, 65, 66, 72; and Coleman, 26,27, death of, 108; motivated Negro migration, 109; successor, 109. See aLso Chicago Defender Acres Airport (Illinois), 44, 45 Adams, Emory E., 97 Addis Ababa, 31, 52, 53 "Adequate National Defense Plan" (Roosevelt), 87-88 Aduwa, Ethiopia, 52 Advisory Commission on Defense, 119-21 Advisory Committee on Negro Troop Politics. See McCloy Committee Aeronautical University, Chicago, 138 Africa, 3 African Americans: as aviators, 2, 7, 8; in battle, 9; life in Europe, 8; limitations on, 5, 6. See also Bullard, Eugene; discrimination African Patriotic League, 65 Africans: as aviators, 12; as WW I soldiers , 10-11, 12 Afro American Life Insurance Company, 84 AGCT. See Army General Classification Test Agricultural and Technical College (Greensboro, N.C.), a CPTP school, 96 Air Force: first Negro general (Davis, Jr.),243 AirForce Integrates 1945-1954 (Gropman), 281 Air Force Racial Policy Study. See Nugent Report air mail, 85-86 air races, 37-38 air shows: all Negro, 35, 36-37; Baltimore, 90; Chicago, 90; Cleveland, 90; Dayton, 90; Fort Wayne, 90; at Harlem field, 85; New York, 90, 92; Pittsburgh, 90, 92; Washington, D. C., 90, 92; West Virginia State College, 90. See also Chicago Defender aircraft types. See specific plane name Airtech Flying School (San Diego), 39 Alexander, Sadie T., 275 Algerians, 10 Allegheny Airport, 92 Allegheny Mountains, 38 Allen, Thomas: Banning's mechanic, 37-38,42 Amberg, Julius, 193 Amenia Conference (1933),62 304 Double V America as environment for African Americans, 6 American Air Service Operations, 13, 19,21 American Expeditionary Force, 13, 16, 18,19-20; influenced Coleman, 25; Pershing, 79 American Railroad Association and military discrimination, 163 American Volunteer Ambulance Service, 10, 12 American Volunteer Squadron, 10 Ames, Iowa, 35 Amsterdam News. See New York A msterdam News Anacostia Leave Camp, 156 A. & T. College, 126 Anderson, C. Alfred, 43; benefactors, 40; CPTP instructor, 97, 125, 126; early years, 40; left Howard for Tuskegee, 127, 154; Moton instructor , 160-61; in NAAA, 68; partner Forsythe, 41, 42; self taught, 40-41; transcontinental flight, 42; transport pilot'S license, 41 Andrews, Frank M., 82 Annapolis (Naval Academy), 84,120, 125 Anzio invasion (Italy), 201, 202-3, 211, 213 Aquitania (ship), 55 Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 43 Argonne Forest (France), 16, 19 Arizona: discrimination in, 38; 25th Infantry, 114 Armstrong, Bob. See Scanlon, Robert Army (U. S.), 14 Army Air Corps (U. S.), 21, 63, 68, 159-60; in Chicago area, 97; and CPTP, 86,138-41; discrimination in, 79,82,92,95-96, 1I0-11, 1I4-15, 118-19,130,158; expansion of, 77, 84,91,93-94,138; HR9209 bill, 11518 ; Negro unit origins, 119; 1937 Mobilization Plan, 80-81; post-war troop education, 273-74; pre-V\'W II, 107,120; segregation in, 154,27189 ; Southeast Training Command, 140. See also discrimination; McCloy Committee; Negro divisions Army Air Force, 169. See also Army Air Corps; 332nd Fighter Group; U.S. Air Force Army Air Force Tactical Command, 273,274,276 Army General Classification Test (AGCT), 150-51,277-78,281 Army Regulation 210-11, 237, 239 Army War College Reports, 78-79 Arnold, Henry H(ap), 110-11, 118, 149-50,201,205,239,281-82; and the 9th Squadron, 188, 190, 191 Ashley, Willie, 175 Asia, 3,107 A-6 Trainer, 172 Associated Negro Press, 65, 68, 73, 117 Atlanta College, 15 Atlantic City, NewJersey, 41; cross country flight, 42, 43 Austria, 77 aviation: Negro women in, 25-32; instructors, 35. See also flight instruction ; women pilots Axis powers, 77,107,148,157,166, 171. See also Anzio invasion B Babcock, Franklin, 193 Baker,Josephine, 173 Baker, Newton, 84 Ballanca biplane, 32 Ballou, C. C., 12, 16-17 Baltimore, Maryland. See air shows Baltimore Afro-American, 65, 170, 197 Banning,]. Herman, 40; built plane, 36; cross country races, 37-38; death of, 38-39; and Powell, 35, 36; transcontinental flights, 37-38, 42 Barnett, Claude, 65, 66, 67, 73 Base Order # 35, 16, 17 Base Regulation 85-2 "Assignment of Housing," 236-38 Index 305 Bates, Robert, 201 Battle of Britain, 119 Bayen, Malak (Ethiopia), 30, 31 Behncke, David, 26 Belanca (aircraft.) , 30 Belgium, 11, 19 "Ben Davis's Air Force," 273 Benjamin, Zola, 39 Berlin, Germany, 222, 225-26 Berry, Theodore (NAACP), 243, 244, 245,24M7 Bessie Coleman Aero Club, 35, 36-37, 39,42,64. See also Banning,]. Herman; Coleman, Bessie...