Double V: The Civil Rights Struggle of the Tuskegee Airmen

Contents

Foreword Introduction Contents xi I. By Any Means Necessary 5 2. Phoenix 25 3. Giant Steps 35 4. The Movement 61 5. The Negro Aviator and the Military 77 6. America Prepares for War: African Americans Not Wanted 107 7. The Experiment: The "Smoke Screen" 147 8. War on Two Fronts 185 9. Beyond the Call of Duty 263 10. Epilogue: Before the Brown Decision 271 Bibliography 293 Index 303 Acknowledgments We wish to extend our appreciation to the following for sharing their time, hearts, expertise, knowledge, and resources C. Alfred Anderson Theodore Berry Omar P. Blair Willa Brown-Chapell Broadus Butler Gilbert Cargill Herbert Carter Cornelius Coffey Woodrow Crockett Lemuel Custis Ret. Gen. Benjamin O. DavisJr. Walter Downs Charles Dryden Leroy Gillead William Holliman Robert Hodge Harold Hurd Fred Hutchins ClarenceJamison AlexanderJefferson Elmore Kennedy Phillip Lee Nancy Leftenant-Colon Rufus Mitchell Ira O'Neal Robert Pitts Wardell Polk E. E. Richardson Edith Roberts John W. Rogers Harry Shepherd Harry Stewart Roger Terry Ret. Gen. Lucien Theus William Thompson Jenny Washington Spann Watson John Whitehead Special thanks to: Angela Scott Dorothy Scott Shirley Pyke Barbara McCauley Laurel Malson Norbert Phillips AI Cole Richard Macon Tuskegee Airmen Inc., Detroit Chapter Tuskegee Airmen Inc. Rufus DavenportJr. ...