In quest of Great Lakes Ice Age vertebrates

Indices

General Index Note: The material in chapters 7 and 8 is covered in the index to common and scientific names and in the site index. Aboral axis, as it relates to symmetry in animals, 6 Absolute chronology, in geological time, 4 Adaptive radiation, in evolution, 2 Africa: megaherbivores, 173; modern grassland communities of, 173; Pleistocene extinction of vertebrates in, 188 Agassiz, Louis, 12 Alton Mammoth site, Indiana, 187 American lion, 189 Amphibian and reptile recolonization of post-glacial Michigan, 184-86 Amphioxus, 5 Analogy, in evolution, 2-3 Asphalt pits, 8. See also Tar Pits Asymmetry in the animal body, 5-6 Bilateral symmetry in animals, 5-6 Block, 28-29 Bone: discussion of, 6; inorganic components of, 6; organic components of, 6 Bone apatite, 30-31 Box turtles, ability to freeze, 192 Breathing tissues of vertebrates, discussion of, 7 Bronze Age, 12 Capybara, 189 Carbon-14 dates, 31 Carnivores: definition of, 175; of terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Great Lakes Pleistocene, 175-76; of the Late Wisconsinan of Subregion I, 178; of the Late Wisconsin of Subregion II, 179 Carter Bog site, Ohio, 183-84 Cartilage of vertebrates, discussion of, 6 Caves: formation of, 23-24; intrusive vertebrates in sediments of, 24; inverted time sequence in, 23 Celom of vertebrates, discussion of,7 Cementing agents in fossil collecting, discussion of, 28 Cementum, as a component of vertebrate teeth, 6 Cephalization,S Champlain Sea, 24 Cherry Tree substage, 18 Chorus frogs, ability to freeze, 192 Christensen Bog site, Indiana, 183 Circulatory system of vertebrates, discussion of, 7 Classification of species, discussion of, 9 Clovis points, 194-95 Co-evolutionary disequilibrium model,190 Collagen, in bone, 6, 30 Collecting Pleistocene vertebrate fossils: ethics involved in, 25-26; general discussion of, 25; in caves, 27-28; in kertle bogs and shallow basins, 26-27; in lake and stream deposits, 28; screening methods, 27-28 Communities: as dominated by large herbivorous dinosaurs, 172-173; as dominated by large mammalian herbivores, 173 Community, biological, discussion of, 8-9 Consumers, 9 Continental ice sheets, modern, 12 Convergence, in evolution, 2 Coprolites, 8 Cores, sea bottom, 10 Cuvier, Georges,S Darwin, Charles, 2 Decomposers, in the biological community, 9 Dentine, 6 Deposition, 3 Digestive system of vertebrates, discussion of, 7 Dire wolves, 189 Disconformities, 3 Disharmonious communities, 181 Domino effect, 173 Draught hypothesis, 190 Drift, glacial, 16-17 Drumlins, 17 Earliest mammals, 173 Ecological niches, 2 Ecosystem, definition of, 8 Enamel,6 Eratics, glacial, 12 Erosion, 3 Eskers, 17 "Everything wrong at once," hypothesis of Pleistocene extinction, 195-96 Evolution, discussion of, 2-3 Extinction in Pleistocene of Great Lakes region: amphibians, 191; birds, 191; fishes, 190-91; large marine mammals, 191;large land mammals, 191; reptiles, 191; small land mammals, 191 Faunal succession, as it relates to geological time scale, 4 Fluted projectile points, 194 Folsom points, 194 Food web, in ecological communities, 9 Fossil, definition of,S Gainey points, 194 Genetic material, molecular nature of, 2 Geological cycle, 3 Geological formation, 4 Geology, definition of, 3 Giant condors, 189 Giant ground sloth, 189 Giant land tortoises, 189 Glacial advance, possibility in future, 1 Glacial features, discussion of, 16-17 Glacial Lake Chicago, 17 Glacial Lake Iroquois sites, Ontario, 183 Glacial stages, 10 Glacially derived kettles and basins: as mastodont and mammoth traps, 20-23; discussion of, 20; zones in, 20-21 Glyptodonts, 189 Gray tree frogs, ability to freeze, 192 Great Lakes, origin of, discussion of, 17 Great Pleistocene extinction, general discussion of, 188-89 Great Slave Lake, Canada, 182 Guilday, John, 77 Hard tissues of vertebrates, 6 Harper Holocene site, Michigan, 197 Harrodsburg Crevice, Indiana, 187-88 Hemoglobin, as component of vertebrate blood, 7 Herbivores: definition of, 175; of terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Great Lakes Pleistocene, 175; of the Late Wisconsinan of Subregion I, 177-78; of the Late Wisconsinan of Subregion II, 178-79 Hibbard, Claude W., 61, 174 Hibbard's Rule, 61 Homology, in evolution, 2-3 Hopwood Farm site, Illinois, 188 Horses, 189 Humans as agents in extinction, 194-95 Hydroxyapatite, as part of bone,6 Hypsithermal warm spell, 197 Ice sheet, deepest penetration in North America, 12 Ice sheet effects: climatic changes, 10, 13; community destruction, 13; reorganization of biotic communities, 14; topographic changes, 13; vegetational changes, 13 Interglacial stages, 10 Interstadials, Wisconsinan, 15 Invasion of marine vertebrates, Late Pleistocene of Ontario, 186-88 Invertebrate paleontology, definition of, 5 Irvingtonian land mammal age, 15 Jaguar, 189 Jefferson, Thomas, 75, 144 Kalkaska County, Michigan, 18 Kames, 17 Karst topography, 23 Kettle...