Notes
Notes Introduction 1. Angelina Emily Grimke Weld, Speech at Pennsylvania Hall, in Larry Ceplair, ed., The Public Years ofSarah and Angelina Grimke: Selected Writings, 1835-1839 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1989),321. 2. Catherine H. Birney, Sarah andAngelina Grimke: The FirstAmerican Women Advocates ofAbolition and Woman's Rights (Boston: Lee and Shappard, 1885; reprint, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1969); Gerda Lerner, The Grimke Sisters From South Carolina: Pioneers for Woman's Rights and Abolition (New York: Schocken Books, 1974); Katharine Du Pre Lumpkin, The Emancipation ofAngelina Grimke (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1974). Lerner's biography remains the definitive treatment of the Grimke sisters; as with anyone working on the subject generally, I am deeply indebted to Lerner's scholarship, and her influence in the following chapters is unapologetically evident. 3. Angelina Grirnke, Letters to Catherine [sic] E. Beecher, in Ceplair, Public Years, 197; Diary of Angelina Grirnke, 14 July 1829, Weld Manuscripts, Clements Library, University of Michigan. 4. James Brewer Stewart, Holy Warriors: The Abolitionists and American Slavery (New York: Hill and Wang, 1996),35-74. 5. Maria Chapman, "To Female Anti-Slavery Societies throughout New England;' in Letters ofTheodore DwightWeld, Angelina Grimke Weld and Sarah Grimke, 1822-1844, ed. G. H. Barnes and D. 1. Dummond (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1965), 1:396. Hereafter cited as Weld-Grimke Letters. 6. William Lloyd Garrison, quoted in Samuel Webb, History of Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia: Merrihew and Gunn, 1838), 118, 120. 7. John Greenleaf Whittier to Harriet Minot, 5 July, 1837, in John B. Pickard, ed., The Letters ofJohn GreenleafWhittier (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 1:243. Minot confirmed Whittier's sentiments later in the month by observing of Angelina that "She is the most eloquent, and I think the most beautiful creature I ever saw ... when she became interested in her subject, when her soul beamed brightly in her eye, and her whole countenance became radiant with emotion, she seemed transcendentally beautiful." Quoted in Whittier, Letters, 1:244, n. 2. 8. Lucretia Mott, quoted in Webb, Pennsylvania Hall, 127. 9. Whittier, Letters, 1:243; Sarah Grirnke to Theodore Weld, 12 February 1838, WeldGrimke Letters, 1:541; Sarah's true talents may not have rested in public specifying as 1.76 ANGELINA GRIMKE such, but her contributions to the theoretical basis of feminist thought were at once original and profound. See especially Lerner, The Feminist Thought of Sarah Grimke (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998). 10. Theodore Weld to Sarah and Angelina Grimke, 26 August 1837, Weld-Grimke Letters, 1:433. 11. Angelina Grimke, Appeal to the Christian Women ofthe South, in Ceplair, Public Years, 60. 12. Ibid., 37. 13. Angelina Grimke, Speech at Pennsylvania Hall, 318-19. Chapter 1 1. Diary of Angelina Grimke, 10 January 1828, Weld Manuscripts, Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. All citations are to the microfilm edition . 2. Howard Brinton, Quaker Journals: Varieties of Religious Experience Among Friends (Wallingford, Penn.: Pendle Hill, 1972), 1-5. For women's diary writing see Margo Culley, "1 Look at Me: Self as Subject in the Diaries of American Women;' Women's Studies Quarterly 17 (1989): 15-22; Penelope Franklin, ed., Private Pages: Diaries of American Women, 1830-1870 (New York: Ballantine, 1986); and Valerie Raoul, "Women and Diaries: Gender and Genre;' Mosaic 22 (1989): 57--65. 3. Throughout I rely on Gerda Lerner, The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina: Pioneers for Woman's Rights andAbolitionism (New York: Schocken Books, 1974), 1-86 for biographical details. See also Diary, 10 January 1828. 4. On conventions ofQuaker writing in particular, see especially Howard Beeth, "Among Friends: Epistolary Correspondence Among Quakers in the Emergent South;' Quaker History 76 (1987): 108-27; Brinton, QuakerJournals; Elizabeth Potts Brown and Susan M. Stuard, eds., Witnesses for Change: Quaker Women Over Three Centuries (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989); and Carol Edkins, "Quest for Community: Spiritual Autobiographies of Eighteenth-Century Quaker and Puritan Women in America;' in Estelle C. Jelling, ed., Women's Autobiography (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980): 39-52. 5. "Testimony of Angelina Grimke Weld," in Larry Ceplair, ed., The Public Years ofSara and Angelina Grimke: Selected Writings, 1835-1839 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1989),338-49. 6. Diary, 31 October 1828; 30 November 1828. 7. Ceplair, Public Years, 344; Diary, 1 November 1828. 8. Diary, 29 January 1829. 9. Ibid. 10. Diary, 7 February 1829; 8 February 1829. 11. Diary, 8 April 1929. 12. Diary, 27 April 1829. 13. Quoted in Lerner, Grimke...
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