The Divine Symphony: the Bible's many voices

Notes

159 Notes NOTES TO INTRODUCTION 1. On the division of the first four books of the Torah between these sources, see S. R. Driver, An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, Gloucester, MA 1972: 1–68, 116–159. For a more popular representation of the sources, see R. E. Friedman, Who Wrote the Bible, San Francisco 1987. 2. J. Wellhausen, Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, trans. J. S. Black and A. Menzies, New York 1957; idem, Die Composition of the Hexateuchs und der Historischen Bucher des Alten Testament, Berlin 1899. 3. For a summary of the criticism of Wellhausen’s theory in his generation, see R. J. Thompson, Moses and the Law in a Century of Criticism, SVT 8 (1963): 60–62. For scholars who claim for the antiquity of the P in our time, see Y. Kaufmann , The Religion of Ancient Israel, trans. M. Greenberg, Chicago 1960: 153–211; M. Haran, Temples and Temple Service in Ancient Israel, Oxford 1978: 132–148; M. Weinfeld, “Social and Cultic Institutions in the Priestly Source against Their Ancient Near Eastern Background,” Proceedings of the Eighth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Bible Studies, and Hebrew Language, Jerusalem 1981: 95–129; idem, Deuteronomy 1–11, AB, New York, 1991: 25–36; J. Milgrom, Leviticus 1–16, AB, New York 1991: 13–34; idem, “The Antiquity of the Priestly Source: A Reply to Joseph Blenkinsopp,” ZAW 111 (1999): 10–22. 4. For the argument about the lateness of J, see J. Van Seters, Abraham in History and Tradition, New Haven 1975; idem, In Search of History, New Haven 1983; idem, Prolog to History: The Yahwist as Historian in Genesis, Louisville 1992; idem, The Life of Moses: The Yahwist as Historian in Exodus-Numbers, Louisville 1994; H. H. Schmid, Der sogenante Jahwist, Zurich 1976; E. Blum, Die Komposition der Vatergeschichte, WMANT 57, Neukirchen 1984. For the lateness of the historical books, see G. Garbini, History and Ideology in Ancient Israel, London 1988; P. R. Davies, in Search of Ancient Israel, Sheffield 1992; T. L. Thompson, Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written and 160 Archeological Sources, Leiden 1992; idem, The Mythic Past: Biblical Archeology and the Myth of Israel, New York 1999; N. P. Lemche, Early Israel, SVT 37, Leiden 1985; idem, The Israelite in History and Tradition, 1998; N. P. Lemche and T. L. Thompson, “Did Biran Kill David,” JSOT LXIV (1994): 3–3; L. L. Grabbe (ed.), “Can a History of Israel Be Written,” JSOTSup 245, Sheffield, MA 1997. For the critique of Van Seters, see B. Halpern, The First Historian, San Francisco 1988; E. Nicholson, The Pentateuch in the Twentieth Century, Oxford 1998: 132–160; W. H. Schmidt, “A Theologian of the Solomonic Era? A Plea for the Yahwist,” Studies in the Period of David and Solomon and other Essays, T. Ishida (ed.), Tokyo 1982: 55–73. For critique of the “Copenhagen School,” see B. Halpern, “Erasing History: The Minimalist Assault of Ancient Israel,” Bible Review , 1995; A. Hurvitz, “The Historical Quest for ‘Ancient Israel’ and the Linguistic evidence of the Hebrew Bible: Some Methodological Observations,” VT, XLVII (1997): 301–315; idem, “The Relevance of Biblical Hebrew Linguistics for the Study of Ancient Israel,” Proceedings of the Twelfth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division A—The Bible and Its World, Jerusalem 1999: 21–34; S. Japhet, “Can the Persian Period Bear the Burden? Reflections on the Origins of Biblical History,” Proceedings of the Twelfth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division A—The Bible and Its World, Jerusalem 1999: 35–46. 5. See appendix A. 6. See Kaufmann, 60–61. 7. For more on the inscription “YHWH and his ASHERAH,” see J. A. Emerton , “YHWH and his ASHERAH: The Goddess or Her Symbol,” VT 49 (1999): 315–337. 8. The idea that the Torah was written by several prophets or authors, some of them later than Moses, was already expressed by classical and medieval Jewish sources. See I. Knohl, “Between Faith and Criticism” (in Hebrew), MEGADIM 33 (2001): 123–126. NOTES TO CHAPTER ONE 1. Cf. A. Dillmann, Die Bucher Numeri, Deuteronomium und Josua, KeH, Leipzig 1886: 666–667; J. Begrich, “Die priesterliche Torah”, BZAW 66 (1936): 63–88; H. L. Ginsberg, New Trends in the Study of the Bible (Essays in Judaism 4), New York 1967: 23; M. Weinfeld, “Theological Currents in the Pentateuchal Literature,” PAAJR 37 (1969): 118, 122–123; M. Haran, Temples and Temple Service in Ancient Israel, Oxford 1978: 11, 143; Ch. Cohen, “Was...