Aiding Students, Buying Students: Financial Aid in America

Index

  331 Index 568 Presidents’ Working Group, 171, 172–74; college members of, 284n25 abolitionists, slavery, 78, 142, 270n4 academies, eighteenth and nineteenth century, 40, 70, 75, 77, 81 access and outreach programs, 55, 60, 185–86; in the 1960s, 130, 142; new proposal regarding, 190–1 ACT (American College Testing) scores, 145, 185, 219. See also SAT scores Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 258n26 Addams, Jane, 101 Admissions, 87, 112; and admit rates, 36, 136, 143, 219; and “development admits,” 150; directors, 124,132, 165; and early decision, 145, 184, 221; recruiting and marketing, 37, 104, 115–16, 141, 144, 149, 165; unselective, 36, 151, 273n75; and yield, 165–66, 226. See also admit-deny policy; need-aware admissions; need-blind admissions; selectivity admit-deny policy, 133, 134, 135, 140, 151–52, 266n17; defined; 219–20 advanced placement and accelerated programs, 73, 248n14, 254n71 affirmative action, 20–21, 159–60, 187–88; extended to economic classes, 186 African Americans, 60; in the nineteenth century, 78; in the 1940s-50s, 50, 51, 104, 114, 116, 121, 122–23, 241n19; in the 1960s-70s; 20–21, 55–56, 61, 129–30 140, 151–52; in the 1990s-2000s, 159–60; as an interest group, 180; at Oberlin, 142, 145, 160 agricultural education, 78, 79–80 Alabama, University of, 111n Albany, 71 Albion College, 29 Alfred Academy and University, 40 Alice Lloyd College, 251–52n50 Allmendinger, David F., Jr., xiii, 75 alumni, alumnae, 86, 117, 118, 124–25, 132, 179; in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, 101, 103– 4, 108, 113; in the 1990s-2000s, 332   Aiding Students, Buying Students alumni, alumnae (continued) 19, 150; children of (“legacies”), 129, 138; of Oberlin, 143, 145, 270n4 American Council on Education, 51, 219 American Education Society, 75 American Legion, 49 American Railway Master Mechanics, 121 American Revolution, 49, 68, 69–70, 76 Amherst College, 37, 124, 126–27, 140, 150; in the nineteenth century, 14, 71, 85 AmeriCorps, 59, 220 Anglicans, 1,68, 79, 249n19. See also Episcopalians anti-intellectualism, 72, 81 anti-Semitism, 20, 51, 87, 114; in the 1950s-60s, 123, 137, 140 Antill, Edward, 68 Antioch College, 78 antitrust action against MIT et al, 26, 114–15, 148–49, 195–201; produces antitrust protection legislation, 168, 191–92, 196, 199–200, 282 n11, 292n16; encourages competitive special deals, 168; and the MITJustice Department settlement, 168, 199, 282n11, 292n16 Appalachia, 14, 55, 251–52n50 Arkansas, 125 Armenian Students of America, 18 Arnett, Trevor, 109–10, 179 Asian Americans, 116 athletes, athletic scholarships, 9n, 123– 24, 220; in the 1950s-60s, 132–33, 138; in the 1990s-2000s, 145, 152, 157; and antitrust law, 191–92, 198n Australia, 47 Avery, Charles, 78–79 Aydelotte, Frank, 101, 113 Baptists, 39, 66, 74, 75, 83 Barden, Graham, 53 Barnard, Frederick A. P., 104–5, 154 Basic Educational Opportunity Grants: see Pell grants Bechtle, Louis C., 198–99 Beecher, Lyman, 76–77 Below, Edwin G., 171 Belvin, James, 174 Bender, Wilbur J., 122, 139 “beneficiary aid,” “charitable aid,” 10, 67, 76, 101, 103, 220; in college catalogs, 181. See also need-based aid Bennett, William, 58 Berea College, 14, 78, 251–52n50 Berkeley, 107 black colleges, 14, 78, 138, 230 n.12, 241n19 black students: see African Americans black urban riots, 1960s, 55–56, 61 Blackburn College, 251–52n50 Boorstin, Daniel, 72 Boston, 2, 75, 186n; Irish, 84 Boston University, 153 Bowdoin College, 37, 126–27; formerly Maine College, 14, 70 Bowen, William G., 134, 286n1 Britain, 47, 184, 188, 264n51 Bronx High School of Science, 140 Brown University, 83; formerly the College of Rhode Island, 68, 74, 249n19; and need-aware admissions, 150, 275n34 Bryn Mawr College, 110 Byrd, Robert C., Scholarships, 245n52 Buck, Paul, 122 bureaucratization: of higher education, Index  333 100, 101, 106; of society, 97, 100, 106. See also professionalization Bush, George H.W., administration of, 159 California, 24, 136 California, University of, 18, 107, 136, 140, 255 n.75 Cambridge University, 62; origins of, 246n2 Canada, 303n3 Carleton College, 270n4 Carnahan, James, 75–76 Carnegie Commission, 56 Carnegie Corporation, 119 Carnegie Mellon University, 163, 167 Catholicism, Catholics, 87, 137; anti, 75, 84, 123; and Catholic colleges, 84, 230n12, 254n67; in English history, 66 Century Magazine, 98 Chase, Philander, 81 “choice”: defined, 187 Chicago, 37, 101, 101, 122 Chicago, University of, 35, 101, 106, 109 Chinese cadets, 116 Churchill, Winston S., 193 City College, New York (CCNY), 37, 42, 84...