Growing Older in World Cities: New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo

Part VI. Comparative Analyses

Growing Older in World Cities NewYork, London, Paris, andTokyo Victor G. Rodwin and Michael K. Gusmano, Editors Rodwin and Gusmano, Editors gerontology / urban studies / health care policy ISBN 0-8265-1489-8 ™xHSKIMGy514899z Growing Older in World Cities New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo Vanderbilt How are four major world cities coping with the challenges posed by increasing human longevity and population aging? New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo are the four largest cities among some of the wealthiest nations in the world. The essays commissioned for this volume compare what it is like to grow older in these cities with respect to health and quality of life, living arrangements and housing, and the provision of longterm care to older persons when they eventually become frail. Victor G. Rodwin is Professor of Health Policy and Management, Wagner School, New York University. Michael K. Gusmano is Assistant Professor of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. They co-direct the World Cities Project at the International Longevity Center— USA. Vanderbilt University Press Nashville, Tennessee 37235 www.VanderbiltUniversityPress.com Cover illustrations courtesy of iStockphoto.com (Arlene Gee/zennie and pattersonminx) and Yukiko Kudo. Cover design by Wendy McAnally Contributors Robert N. Butler John Creighton Campbell Ruth Campbell Marjorie H. Cantor Marc Esponda Maria Evandrou Michael K. Gusmano Robert Haas Keiko Honda Naoki Ikegami Marie-Eve Joël Kenneth Knapp Yukiko Kudo Véronique Lucas-Gabrielli Florence de Maria Gabriel Montero Etsuji Okamoto Philippe Pépin Victor G. Rodwin David Barton Smith Inge Strüder Yasuo Takagi Emanuel Tobier François Tonnellier Anthony M. Warnes Daniel Weisz Growing Older inWorld Cities Growing Older in World Cities NewYork, London, Paris, andTokyo Victor G. Rodwin and Michael K. Gusmano, Editors Vanderbilt University Press nashville © 2006 Vanderbilt University Press All rights reserved First Edition 2006 10 09 08 07 06 1 2 3 4 5 Printed on acid-free paper. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Growing older in world cities : New York, London, Paris, and Tokyo / Victor G. Rodwin, and Michael K. Gusmano, editors.— 1st ed. p. ; cm. ISBN 0-8265-1489-8 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-8265-1490-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Older people—Long-term care. 2. Urban health. [DNLM: 1. Long-Term Care—London. 2. Long-Term Care—New York. 3. Long-Term Care—Paris. 4. Long-Term Care—Tokyo. 5. Geriatric Assessment—London. 6. Geriatric Assessment—New York. 7. Geriatric Assessment—Paris. 8. Geriatric Assessment—T okyo. 9. Health Services for the Aged—London. 10. Health Services for the Aged—New York. 11. Health Services for the Aged— Paris. 12. Health Services for the Aged—Tokyo. 13. Socio­economic Factors—London. 14. Socioeconomic Factors—New York. 15. Socioeconomic Factors—Paris. 16. Socioeconomic Factors—Tokyo . 17. Urban Health—London. 18. Urban Health—New York. 19. Urban Health—Paris. 20. Urban Health—Tokyo. WT 31 G884 2005] I. Rodwin, Victor. II. Gusmano, Michael K. RA564.8.G765 2005 362.198’97—dc22 2005005460 To the memory of MannieTobier Whose wit and wisdom encouraged this endeavor, And to our children when they grow older: May they live in interesting places! Contents List of Figures andTables xi Acronyms and SpecialTerminology xix PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Growing Older inWorld Cities: Implications for Health and Long-Term Care Policy 1 Victor G. Rodwin, Michael K. Gusmano, and Robert N. Butler 2 How CanWe Compare NewYork, London, Paris, andTokyo? Defining Spatial Units of Analysis 17 Victor G. Rodwin and Michael K. Gusmano PART II: NEW YORK Socio-Economic and Health Status of Older Persons 3 Growing Old in the CityThat Never Sleeps: Aging in NewYork 27 Emanuel Tobier 4 The Health of Older NewYorkers 58 Daniel Weisz and Michael K. Gusmano Living Arrangements and Use of Long-Term Care 5 Organizing Care for Older Persons in NewYork: The Social ClassVulnerabilities of aWorld City 79 David Barton Smith 6 The Housing of Older NewYorkers 103 Kenneth Knapp viii Growing Older inWorld Cities 7 Lifestyle Patterns, Social Networks, and Use of Formal Services in NewYork:The Impact of Ethnicity, Class, and Culture on Older People 126 Marjorie H. Cantor PART III: LONDON Socio-Economic and Health Status of Older Persons 8 Aging, Health, and Social Services in London 153 Anthony M. Warnes 9 Inequalities among Older People in London: The Challenge of Diversity 174 Maria Evandrou Living Arrangements and Use of Long-Term Care...