Peirce's Scientific Metaphysics: The Philosophy of Chance, Law, and Evolution

Index

223 Index abduction, 14, 16, 20, 69, 71, 179, 186 n. 5 Absolute, the, 25, 112, 115, 124, 135, 161, 203 n. 3 aesthetics, 108, 111 agapism/agapasm/agapasticism, 10– 11, 46, 75, 76, 96, 106ff, 119, 202 n. 32. See also evolution Agassiz, Louis, 187 n. 21 agnosticism, 7–11, 177, 180, 181, 182 Anderson, Douglas, 176 Apel, Karl Otto, 176 architectonic, 3, 19, 132, 160 Aristotle, 7, 14, 19, 55, 149 atoms/atomism, 14, Ch. 2 passim, 74, 78–80, 138, 162, 169–70. See also molecules Bayer, Karl Ernst von, 25 Berkeley, George, 51 Bergson, Henri, 181 Bernoulli’s theorem/law, 44–45, 66– 67, 70, 75, 78, 120, 189 n. 15, 190 n. 16, 191 n. 21. See also law of large (high) numbers Boltzmann, Ludwig, 6–7, 42–43, 45, 46–47, 59, 93, 103–4, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 167, 168 Boscovich, Roger, 122 Boutroux, Emile, 206 n. 26 Bowler, Peter, 101, 181 Bradley, F. H., 181 Bridgman, Percy, 132 Brownian motion, 139, 151, 154 Brush, Stephen G., 126, 202 n. 28 Büchner, Ludwig, 181, 189 n. 9 Buckle, Thomas Henry, 7, 59 Cantor, Georg, 17 Capek, Milic, 205 n. 19 Carnot, Sadi, 41; Carnot’s principle, 105. See also Second law of thermodynamics categories, 19–23, 80, 82, 148, 156; Firstness, 24, 67, 71–72, 73, 135, 143, 157; Secondness 46, 72, 73, 116; Thirdness 10, 46, 111, 114, 124, 135, 143, 171, 179 causation, 54–57, 144, 171–72 cause: efficient, 55; final 44, 46, 57– 59, 63, 73, 74, 76, 91–92, 108–9. See also teleology Cayley, Arthur, 115, 203 n. 7 central limit theorem, 7, 78, 120–21, 147, 190 n. 16. See also law of large numbers; Bernoulli’s law/ theorem chance, 16, 23–24, 42, 46, 47, 59, 61– 62, 101, 116, Ch. 6 passim; absolute 39, 43, 80, 90, 128, 144, 147; as contingency 146–47; as feature of distributions 145; as spontaneous feeling 150–52; as variety 145–46; as violation of law 224 Peirce’s Scientific Metaphysics chance, continued 147–49; Darwin on, 194 n. 18; Fechner on 154; laws of 157–59; mathematical 144–45, 149, 152; Maxwell on 153–54; Poincaré on 154; and genetic drift 156; and quantum physics 155 chaos: as original state of universe, 23–25, 64, 150, 183; order from, 7, 46, 113–18 chemistry, 79–80, 82–83, 203 n. 5 Cheng, Chung-ying, 158 Clausius, Rudolf, 41, 42, 47, 58, 93, 125, 127, 132, 134 Clifford, W. K., 10 complexity, 2, 13, 59, 60, 110, 118, 130, 132, 151, 174–75; in organic evolution, 98–99; of mind 91; of protoplasm, 77, 82, 88 Comte, Auguste, 9–10, 24 conservation: of energy, 8, Ch. 2 passim, 51, 56, 65, 105; of mechanical quantities/vis viva, Ch. 2 passim. See also law consistency, of Peirce’s philosophy, 176ff, 187 n. 22 constants, natural, 17–18, 106, 168, 175 continuity, 11, 17–18, 114, 124 Coriolis, Gaspard, 30 Corrington, Robert, 176 cosmology, 1–2, 5, 13ff, 23, Ch. 5 passim; quantum cosmology 137– 38 Crookes, Sir William, 96 Darwin, Charles, 6, 61, 181, 204 n. 14; on chance, 194 n. 18; theory of evolution 91ff Davies, Paul, 192 n. 1 Dawkins, Richard, 183, 200 n. 14 determinism, 130, 147, 155. See also necessitarianism and mechanical philosophy DuBois-Reymond, Emil, 8–9, 181 Duns Scotus, John, 10 dynamics, 26, 28–29, 38, 40, 45, 51, 58, 74, 102, 138, 140; dynamicism, 37 Eddington, Sir Arthur, 47 Ehrenfest, Paul and Tatiana, 45 Einstein, Albert, 139 energy: conservation of, Ch. 2 passim, 51, 102, 119, 124, 150–51 ensemble theory, 165, 209 n. 29 entropy, 42, 46–47, 103–4, 126–28, 130–32, 165, 167, 173, 175, 194 n. 16. See also Second law of thermodynamics Epicurus, 92, 125, 151 equilibrium, 46, 58, 89, 92–93, 103, 129, 131, 132, 167 ergodic theorem, 59, 165, 209 n. 29 errors: law of, 26, 66, 76; normal frequency curve of, 120, 136, 142, 145, 147, 152, 170 ethics, 108, 111 evolution, 2, 5–7, 20, 95, 133, 172; agapastic, 106ff; anancastic, 106ff; Darwinian, 6, 60, 76, 97ff, 147; neo-Lamarckian, 7, 75, 76, 101; of atoms and molecules, 92–96; of law, 23–25,168–73; tychastic, 106ff explanation, 14–18, 74, 178 fallibilism, 18, 138–39, 180 Faraday, Michael, 122 Fechner, Gustav, 136–37, 196 n. 30; on chance, 154 Feynman, Richard, 188 n. 7 Finkelstein, D. R., 137...