Sustaining the Borderlands in the Age of NAFTA: Development, Politics, and Participation on the US-Mexico Border

Index

217 aguas negras, 51, 56, 97 anencephaly border cluster, 50, 67–70 definition, 195n5 Spektra plant cluster, 71, 83, 87, 89, 92 See also neural tube defects (NTDs) asociación civil, 124, 140, 181–82 Authentic Labor Front, 25, 193n4 backward and forward linkages, 61–63, 91, 104, 194nn1–2 Border Environmental Cooperation Committee (BECC) certification process, 142–44, 147–49, 182 complaints about, 36 and JPAC, 181 and NADBank, 128, 148–49, 185 participation requirements, 138–40 structure, 30–31 Border Industrialization Program (BIP), 46–49, 62 Las Caracaras class differences within, 150–51, 163, 170–83, 186–87 and Coalition against Contaminated Communities (CCC), 13, 128–36 and Comité Ciudadano (Citizens’ Committee), 143–44, 181–82 Dren Cinco de Marzo and area beautification , 98–100 environmental justice goals, 2, 96, 98–99, 119–21 founding of, 66, 95–97 Index gender differences within, 124, 151, 171–76, 182–83 JAD and BECC/NADBank partici­ patory requirements, 13, 128, 138–43, 198n4 membership, 97–98 organization, 93, 97, 193 place-making, 12, 99–100 place-making and migration, 100–114 PRD influence, 123–24, 140, 171–75, 177–83 Sierra Club and Beyond the Borders, 1, 10, 14, 121–25, 150–54, 170–71, 188 transnational advocacy impacts on, 150–54, 171–81, 182 carpal tunnel syndrome, 71–73, 75, 81, 161 Citizens’ Committee (Comité Cuidadano) and BECC and JAD, 128, 141, 143, 147, 199n3 and Las Caracaras, 142–44, 181–82 and environmental side accord, 125, 187 and NADBank loan, 124, 139 citizens’ petitioning mechanisms in environmental side accord, 21, 30 and participation, 3, 38 and transparency, 6, 34 See also dispute resolution mechanisms ; participation civil society and BECC, 138, 148–49 global, 17, 151 218   Sustaining the Borderlands in the Age of NAFTA civil society, continued growth in Mexico, 5–6, 17–19, 22–23 and side accords, 3–5, 185–86 and trade treaties, 21, 192 and transparency, 20 Coalition Against Contaminated Communities (CCC), 13 and Las Caracaras, 128–40, 153 Comité Cuidadano. See Citizens’ Committee Comité Fronterizo de Obreros (CFO), 2, 27 and Spektra workers, 62, 71, 87, 150, 154–63, 169, 197n50 Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and NAFTA, 4, 125, 194n10 petitioners’ concerns, 35–36 structure and function, 30 Commission on Labor Cooperation (CLC) and Spektra workers, 160 structure and function, 31–32, 194n10 Confederación de Trabajadores Mexicanos (CTM), 18, 157 repression by, 26 corruption grassroots allegations of, 14, 150–51 and the JAD, 145–48 lax law enforcement, 24 and Mexican political culture, 5–6, 18, 26, 59, 193n3 and transparency, 19–21, 34 cross border advocacy in border context, 127–28, 182, 186 coalition-building and accountability within, 152–54, 157, 163–65 in NAFTA era, 22, 25, 121 and Spektra workers, 154 See also transnational advocacy democratization and free trade, 5, 7, 22, 185, 189 and Mexican civil society, 23 in Mexico and Latin America, 16–18 and participation, 38 and sustainable development, 33, 39 and transparency, 33 See also dual transition governments; participation; transparency digital divides, 7, 13, 34, 143–45, 186–88 and Las Caracaras, 102, 171–73, 188 (see also Las Caracaras: class differences within) and side accords, 11, 32, 164 in Spektra petition, 87, 150, 163 dispute resolution mechanisms (DRMs) and side accords, 15, 30, 38, 185 as soft law, 3 See also citizens’ petitioning mechanisms ; participation Dren Cinco de Marzo beautification of, 182 and Las Caracaras, 94–98, 123–24, 129, 143, 171 description of, 1–2 and Laguna Madre, 1–2, 197n1 pollution, 4 public health problem, 67, 141 dual transition governments in development and neoliberalism, 11, 16 in Mexico and Latin America, 16–21 and side accords, 16 See also democratization; participation ; transparency ecological economics and environment, 65, 125 negative externalities, 61–65, 87, 91–92, 104, 191 ejido definition, 18 in Mexican Revolution, 27 migration from, 50, 102, 109, 111–15 and reform of Article 27 of Mexican Constitution, 101, 198n1 environmental citizenship and environmental side accord, 126 and border environment, 148–49 Index  219 environmental justice and Las Caracaras, 1, 4, 9–10, 99, 122 as place-making, 12, 99–100 and popular epidemiology, 88, 99–100, 131 and the Sierra Club, 122–23, 171 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Coalition against Contaminated Communities, 128–31, 133, 135, 137 Matamoros grant, 147 hazmat tracking, 194n3 environmental side agreement/accord and border environment, 2, 4, 9, 12, 30, 53...