Becoming the Tupamaros: Solidarity and Transnational Revolutionaries in Uruguay and the United States

Index

205 Index Afro-Uruguayans black power movement, 93 education, 83–84, 178n74 invisibility, 88, 98, 103 Mundo Africa, 179n79 Partido Autóctono Negro (PAN), 179n76 South Africa, 107 Allende, Salvador, 20, 39, 109 American Indian Movement (AIM), 87–88 apartheid, South Africa, 26, 100, 107 Artigas, José, 5, 11, 40, 60–61, 64 Batlle y Ordóñez, José, 9 Black Liberation Army, 75, 85 Black Panther Party (BPP) Afro-Uruguayans, relationship with, 98 gender, 75 guerrilla warfare, 32, 36 international solidarity, 7, 68–70, 81, 85–86, 95, 97–98, 178n68 Marcha, 5, 26, 68–70, 72, 75–77, 80–81, 97–98 People’s Tribunal, 49 Weather Underground, relationship with, 76–77, 170n43 Blancos, 8–10 Bordaberry, Juan María human rights violations, 102–4, 117 issues of race, 84, 103 state repression, 20, 25, 115 Brown, Rap, 73, 80, 91, 178n55, 180n103 Carmichael, Stokely, 74, 81, 82 Castro, Fidel, 5, 20, 25, 33, 62, 95, 169n10 Cleaver, Eldridge, 80, 86, 178nn54–55 COINTELPRO, 75, 177n36 Colorados, 8–10 Cuban Revolution Debray, Régis, 33, 35 discussion in university, 7, 10–11 schisms in the left, 11–12 solidarity from Uruguay, 12–15 Tupamaros, 13–14, 62 unique nature, 24–25, 62–63, 191n148 Davis, Angela, 73–75, 77–78, 89, 177n33 Dohrn, Bernadine, 37, 73, 75–76, 137 Frente Amplio 1971 elections, 66–67, 70, 148 gender, 127, 139 homosexuality, 158 in the twenty-first century, 155–56, 158–59 Michelini, Zelmar, 104 El Grupo de Estudios sobre la Condicion de la Mujer en Uruguay (GRECMU), 116, 144 Guevara, Ernesto “Che” Guerrilla Warfare, 23–24, 31, 35, 160 influence on Tupamaros, 33, 43, 46, 95, 156, 159–60 solidarity from the Uruguayan left, 5 university influence, 7,11 Guillén, Abraham gender, 122 idea of two separate nations, 72 Marighella, Carlos, 30, 169n6 Tupamaros, 31–32, 50–51, 62, 67 urban guerrilla warfare, 14, 24, 30–32, 69 Hearst, Patty, 36–37, 55, 96 homosexuality, 149–52, 154, 158, 190n135, 190n143 Becoming the Tupamaros 206 Jackson, Geoffrey gender roles in the Tupamaros, 131– 34, 153 kidnapping, 119–20, 148 music, 91–92 People’s Prison, 49 sexuality in the Tupamaros, 142 Jackson, George, 80, 177n33, 178nn55–56 Johnson, Lyndon, 78 Ku Klux Klan, 92, 133, 170n43 Marcha (publication) American Indian Movement (AIM), 87–88 black power, 26, 70, 73–75, 80–82, 85, 97, 180n103 Davis, Angela, 77–78 gender, 122, 126, 139 international solidarity, 7, 26, 69–70, 72–73, 86, 90, 94, 97–98, 175n4 sexuality, 142, 150 Uruguayan left, 5, 9, 22, 69–70, 97, 175n7, 176n11 Marcuse, Herbert, 74, 77 Marighella, Carlos, 30, 169n6, 170n36, 188n84, 192n21 Marxist Guillén, Abraham, 31 repression of the left, 100, 112 revolution, 23–24, 62 Tupamaros’ idealogy, 21, 26, 56, 59–64, 68, 143, 148, 156, 159–60 Michelini, Zelmar, 104–5, 118, 182n37 Mitrione, Dan captivity in the People’s Prison, 50–51, 55, 65, 90–91, 93, 138 State of Siege (1972), 30, 51–56 US Agency for International Development (AID), 39–40, 56, 172n110 New Man, 17, 131, 135 Newton, Huey, 36, 85 Nixon, Richard, 49, 53 Operation Condor, 42 Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores (PST), 143–44 People’s Prison, 36, 41, 49–50, 119, 132–33 Prensa Latina, 11, 47 Quijano, Carlos, 9, 22, 175n6, 176n11 Rockefeller, Nelson, 49, 79, 98, 177nn47–49 Sandinista Revolution, 24, 59, 121, 124, 162, 185n11 Seale, Bobby, 36, 97 Sendic, Raúl founding of the Tupamaros, 15, 17 labor strike involvement, 14–15 Mitrione, Dan, 51 representation by the left, 35–36, 38–39, 102, 111 Socialist International, 64–65 Soviet Union, 13, 21, 54, 62, 78, 162, 173n130 State of Siege (1972), 26, 30, 51–56, 67 Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 73–74, 82 Symbionese Liberation Army, 36, 55 Tse-Tung, Mao, 7, 35 US Agency for International Development (AID), 39, 42, 171n58, 172n110 Weather Underground gender, 75–77, 140–41 relationship with Tupamaros, 37, 90–91 representation by Uruguayan left, 72, 75 solidarity with people of color, 76–77, 170n43 urban guerrilla warfare, 32, 37 Zabriskie Point, 90 ...