Everyday Reading: Print Culture and Collective Identity in the Rio de la Plata, 1780-1910

List of Figures

Figures 1.1 The 1813 Argentine coat of arms. 36 1.2 The coat of arms of the Provincia Oriental. 37 1.3 Jura de la Constitución de 1830 (Swearing in the Constitution, 1830) by Juan Manuel Blanes. 40 2.1 A scene of cattle branding on the title page of Colección general de las marcas del ganado de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. 48 2.2 A page of brand marks in Colección general de las marcas del ganado de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. 49 2.3 A woodcut of a gaucho with pen and paper in hand, from El Gaucho. 52 2.4 A woodcut of La Gaucha surrounded by different breeds of cattle and dogs, at the top of a loose-leaf sheet of gauchesque verse. 53 2.5 Interior de una pulpería (Inside a pulpería), Buenos Aires, by León Palliere. 54 2.6 “Interior de una pulpería.” 55 2.7 The top of an 1846 pasaporte with the Blanco slogan and the Uruguayan coat of arms. 60 vii 2.8 Divisas featuring the profile of Rosas and the Federalist slogan:“Federation or Death! Long live the Federalists! Death to the savage, filthy, scoundrel Unitarians!” 63 2.9 The liberal gaucho Jacinto Cielo whirling his boleadoras on the front page of an Ascasubi newspaper. 72 2.10 El Gaucho en Campaña, another of Ascasubi’s papers, sporting a character similar to Jacinto Cielo on its front page. 73 2.11 A peasant greeting a friend on horseback on the front page of Isidoro de María’s gauchesque paper. 75 3.1 Female students in 1893 reading in the Hall for Recess and Reading, Internato Normal de Señoritas, Montevideo. 103 3.2 Male students at the Arts and Trades School in Montevideo, circa 1895, painting the Argentine coat of arms and preparing chalkboards with alphabets. 106 3.3 Students at a school outside Montevideo in 1912 learning to write in cursive with fountain pens. 107 3.4 The covers of two notebooks widely distributed in Uruguay, circa 1900. 109 3.5 The cover of notebook 1 (of 5) in J. V. Olivera’s Método de Caligrafía. 110 3.6 A young student sharing a book with his mother, on the cover of Emma Catalá de Princivalle’s Ejercicios progresivos de lectura, ortología y ortografía, primer libro. 112 3.7 A scene of reading in the home. 113 3.8 An invitation to read, on the cover of Figueira’s¿Quieres leer? 115 viii  Everyday Reading 3.9 The poetic cover of a notebook belonging to Raudelinda Pereda, from Tacuarembó. 119 4.1 A heroic gaucho riding across the grasslands of Uruguay, bearing a flag with the slogan“Liberty or Death.” 133 4.2 Juan Manuel Blanes’s representation of what José Artigas looked like on the eve of independence. 134 4.3 A lesson illustrated with a print of Blanes’s Juramento de los Treinta y Tres Orientales, depicting the pledge of the group to liberate the Banda Oriental. 135 4.4 The Argentine coat of arms and flag appearing with the date 25 May 1810 on the patriotic cover of gón’s El mosaico argentino. 136 4.5 The front cover of a Cuadernos Nacionales notebook in the historical series, portraying the exodus of the Orientales. 139 4.6 The back cover of the same notebook, with“The history of independence explained to children.” 140 4.7 An exercise in one of Carmen Biasotti’s notebooks, where she repeats“Artigas was the first leader of the Uruguayans.” 143 4.8 A postcard of male students, circa 1900, marching through downtown Montevideo. 146 4.9 A postcard of female students, circa 1900, marching through downtown Montevideo. 146 4.10 Students participating in the fiesta de promoción at the Escuela de 2ndo Grado, Rivera, Uruguay, 1923. 147 4.11 Lesson on Hygiene: The Corset. Escuela de Aplicación para Señoritas, Montevideo, 1912. 150 List of Figures  ix 4.12 A daughter reading to her mother, on the cover of Amelia Palma’s Consejos a mi hija. 155 4.13 The lady of the house arranging the table, on the cover of Lecturas sobre moral, higiene y economía doméstica, by Alejandro Lamas and Elvira Lamas. 157 4.14 Young students, circa 1893, learning to weave at the Internato...