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Index Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations. Acevedo Díaz, Eduardo, 123 Adelante (Figueira), 114, 115 adult education, 92–93, 97, 111, 116 advertisements, 3, 28–29, 53, 186, 187 Afro-descendants. See blacks Alberdi, Juan Bautista, 70 almanacs, 19, 188 Alsina, Valentín, 71 Amarilla, La (The Yellow School), 165–66 American Bank Note Company, 172, 174, 176 Amigo del Obrero, El, 188 Amigos de la Patria y de la Juventud, Los, 26 Angelis, Pedro de, 58, 68 anonymous authors, 9, 29, 38, 51, 53, 62–64, 69 anthologies, 18, 32–34 Aparicio, Timoteo, 78, 79 Araújo, Orestes, 86, 102, 110, 111, 129, 206n3 Archivo Americano, 68 Arostegui, Abdón, 124 Arriero Argentino, El, 71–72 Artigas, José character of citizens and, 31, 95, 127 as hero, 123, 126, 127–28, 132, 143, 144, 199n17 (see also Artigas, José, representations of) as threat, 22 Artigas, José, representations of at celebrations, 29, 147 on currency, 178, 179, 180 educational media and, 108, 134, 139 on stamps, 168, 172, 173, 174 See also Artigas, José: as hero Ascasubi, Hilario influence of, 77, 78, 181 popularity of, 57, 71, 82, 204n78 writings of, 51, 57, 71–75, 79 Ateneo, El (The Athenaeum), 87 Avellaneda, Nicolás, 177, 214n25 Bacle, César Hipólito, 47, 58–59 Banda Oriental, definition of, 20, 199n17 banks, 176–80, 213n23 Barreiro y Ramos, Antonio, 100, 108 Batalla de Las Piedras, La (Héquet), 140 Batlle, Lorenzo, 78 Battle of Las Piedras, 140, 173 Battle y Ordónez, José, 95 Becher, Emilio, 188 Belgrano, Manuel, 126, 127–28, 137, 138, 175 Bernardo (slave), 21–22 Berra, Francisco, 110 Berro, Bernardo, 206n3 Beruti, Juan Manuel, 28, 35–36 Biasotti, Carmen, 88, 142–44, 161–62, 209n83 Biblioteca La Nación series, 188 Biblioteca Popular de Buenos Aires series, 188 Biblioteca Pública de Buenos Aires, 27–28, 42 Biblioteca Pública de Montevideo, 29 bills of sale, 16, 48, 62 blacks political messages and, 9, 52–53, 56, 64–65, 203n41 in public sphere, 17, 30, 31 rebellion led by, 21–22 in textbooks, 126 Blancos children as, 121 conservatism of, 44, 202n2 documentation issued by, 50, 62 lemas of, 59, 60, 62, 68 opposition to, 45, 70–71, 74, 82 popular literature and, 9, 46, 51, 64, 68 239 Blancos (cont.) Varela family members as, 206n3 in wars, 44, 78–80, 122 See also Oribe, Manuel Blanes, Juan Manuel, 40, 134, 135, 141, 173, 179 booksellers, 1–2, 69–70, 107–8, 186 borderland. See Uruguay-Brazil border branding, of cattle, 46, 47–48, 48, 49, 64 broadsheets, 20, 29–30, 67 buen amigo, Un (Figueira), 114, 115 Caceres, Casto, 61 cafés, 20, 25, 91, 191 Cambaceres, Eugenio, 123 Caras y Caretas, 3, 124, 184, 185, 187, 188–89 “Card Game, The” (Ascasubi), 73–74 cards. See collectible cards Carlos III, 16 Carlota, La (press), 23, 42 Carlota Joaquina, 22–23 Castañeda, Francisco de Paula, 55 Catalá de Princivalle, Emma, 5, 149–53 Catedral stamp series, 172–73, 173 cattle culture, definition of, 198n13 caudillismo, El (Herrera y Obes), 46 Censor, El, 28 centenary of May revolution commemorative items for, 137, 173, 185, 186, 187, 189 definitions of literature and, 124 periodization and, 205n2 churches dress code for, 61–62 group reading at, 4, 20–21, 25, 191 public ceremonies and, 30, 41, 69 See also clergy; religion cielitos (dance-based poems), 54, 56, 64, 74, 202n17 cigarette boxes, 166, 180–82, 181, 188, 190 circuses, 12, 81, 124, 182, 188 civic education, 11, 96, 120, 149–50. See also lessons in patriotism cleanliness. See hygiene clergy, 21, 28, 39, 61, 87, 100, 131, 208n51. See also Castañeda, Francisco de Paula; Larrañaga, Dámaso Antonio CNE (Consejo Nacional de Educación), 97, 98, 99, 102, 105 coats of arms, 35–38, 36, 37, 42 on buildings, 35, 144, 166 on currency, 36–37, 167, 177, 178, 180 on official documents, 35, 38, 60 postal imagery with, 167, 168, 171, 172, 173, 174 in schools, 106, 136, 144 coins. See currency Colección general de las marcas (Bacle), 47–48, 48, 49 collectible cards, 5, 165, 166, 180, 182–83, 183, 190 Colorados attacks on, 62, 64 blacks recruited by, 65 children as, 121 in present day, 202n2 Varela family members as, 206n3 at war, 44, 78, 122 writing of, 69, 71, 82–83 See also Rivera, Fructuoso Comercio del Plata, El, 71 Compte y Riqué, Enriqueta, 105, 118, 208n66 Consejos a...

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