-
Index
- Vanderbilt University Press
- Chapter
- Additional Information
279 Index academic English at college, 228, 230, 245 development and emergence of, 116, 117, 122–23, 124, 150, 200–201, 241 as exam language, 5, 97, 125, 134, 138, 213, 240, 242–43 time needed to learn, 5, 7, 56, 87, 97, 119, 213, 240 See also proficiency, in English academic Spanish as exam language, 117, 125, 127, 128 instruction in, 90, 116–19, 122, 124, 126–30, 131, 136–41, 150, 240 status of, 127, 133–34, 201 See also proficiency, in Spanish accommodation without assimilation, 19, 152, 195 accountability measures. See assessments and tests; adequate yearly progress; autonomous schools; Children First; No Child Left Behind acculturation, 19–20, 152, 153, 207 ACDP (Community Association of Progressive Dominicans), 70, 167, 178 achievement gap, 63–64, 221–22, 249n2 additive acculturation, 152. See also accommodation without assimilation additive bilingualism, 3, 14, 123, 241 additive schooling, definitions of, 21–22, 236 adequate yearly progress (AYP), 55–57, 58–59, 109, 112 Advanced Placement (AP) courses, 66, 130, 226, 229 African Americans comparative data on, 6, 40, 46, 63–64, 76, 208–9, 251n1 (chap. 7) dropout rates of, 6, 46, 76, 246 lack of interaction with, 208, 210, 224 negative views toward, 29, 180–83, 208, 218, 251n1 (chap. 6) as nonvoluntary minority, 19, 151 after-school and weekend programs as academic supplement, 49, 60, 66, 166, 199, 215, 229 as cultural supplement, 92, 166, 210 as escape, 178 Ahmed, S., 44, 45 Alianza Dominicana, 167 Alternative Schools district, 12, 76, 84, 86 American Community Surveys, 31, 40, 248nn6–7 American Indians, 46, 151 AMOs (annual measurable objectives), 59 Ancess, J., 69, 114, 236 Andrade, Norma, 23 annual measurable objectives (AMOs), 59 anti-bilingualism, 13, 50, 52–53 Antrop-González, R., 236 AP (Advanced Placement) courses, 66, 130, 226, 229 Appadurai, A., 21 Asians, 47, 52, 63–64, 76, 152–53, 208, 251n1 (chap. 7) 280 Additive Schooling in Subtractive Times ASPIRA Consent Decree, 61 assessments and tests and curriculum, 98–99, 127, 243, 249n3 data on results of performance on, 37, 38, 47, 154, 208, 231 emphasis on, 53, 86 in home languages, 3, 57, 117, 122, 125, 127, 128, 238, 243, 251n5 issues with, 13, 55–59, 63, 96–98, 242–43 language practices and, 13, 57, 98, 119, 121–22, 125, 127 and newcomer program admissions, 8 as obstacles, 7, 54, 214, 228, 230, 242–43 and pressure on schools, 2, 116, 246 types of, 56, 58–59, 74, 97–98 See also Basic Skills Test; English Regents exam; National Association of Educational Progress; New York State ESL Achievement Test; Regents exams; test preparation assimilation, 18–20, 151–53, 161, 195 August, D., 44, 50, 118, 240–41 aunts, 102, 215, 219 autonomous schools, 97 Avitia, D., 60 AYP (adequate yearly progress), 55–57, 58–59, 109, 112 Bailey, T. R., 221–22 Baker, C., 93 Balaguer, Joaquín, 31, 32 Bartlett, Lesley, 18, 22–25, 98, 116, 148, 205 basic interpersonal communication (BICS), 119 Basic Skills Test, 228, 229, 252n3 Beatty, A., 57 BICS (basic interpersonal communication skills), 119 Bidell, R., 17 Bilingual Education Act, 52, 54 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 66, 116 Black, Patricia, 73 blacks. See African Americans Bloomberg, Michael, 61–64, 67, 86, 97, 101 Board of Education. See New York City Board of Education Bosch, Juan, 31, 131 Bourdieu, P., 18 Boyson, B., 8–9, 10 Brittain, C., 187 Bronx community colleges in, 102, 128, 210, 219 crime in, 163, 180, 181, 182–83, 218 Dominican concentration in, 43, 166 English in, 249n11 students living in, 43, 158, 166, 218, 223–24, 229 Brutt-Griffler, J., 16, 124–25, 149, 241 building site, of Luperón new, 100–101, 208, 210, 235, 246, 250n5 original, 76–77, 99–100 calor humano (human warmth), 103, 165, 236 CALP (cognitive academic language proficiency), 119. See also academic English Cameron, L., 14, 116 Canagarajah, S., 15 Capps, R., 6 care drain, 160 Caribbean immigrants increase of, 3, 52 and schools, 30, 31, 45, 208, 212, 251n1 (chap. 7) Caribbeanness, 76, 82 Carnegie Corporation, 66, 67, 116 Carter, P., 152 Central and South American immigrants, 3, 45, 92, 208, 209, 212, 213, 221. See also specific nationalities chancellors. See Fernández, Joseph; Klein, Joel Children First, 62–66, 249n4, 250n9 Chinese immigrants, 45, 47, 52, 153, 208, 251n1 (chap. 7) [18.209.209.246] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 16:20 GMT) Index 281 City College, 167, 175, 178, 210, 224, 229, 230. See...