Great Cruelties Have Been Reported: The 1544 Investigation of the Coronado Expedition

Glossary

Glossary adelantado - perpetual governor; the office was assumed to be inheritable alcaide - warden or commander of a fortress alcalde mayor - chief judge and administrator of a cabildo or other entity alcalde ordinario - judge/legislator of a cabildo alférez mayor - chief lieutenaht or standard bearer alguacil - law enforcement officer, constable alguacil mayor - chief law enforcement officer, constable audiencia - the governing body of a province-sized jurisdiction within the Spanish Empire, havingjudicial, legislative, and limited executive power barranca - canyon or ravine caballería - a standard unit of agricultura!land cabildo - the governing council of an urban área and its surroundings cacique - Arawak word meaning "headman", widely used in Spanish America cédula - a written order, often írom the king or the royal court ciudad - status conferred on a settlement by the king indicating its relatively large size and great importance comendador - high officer in one of the military orders comunidad - a geo-political unit in modern Spain roughly equivalent to a state in the United States of America convento - a monastery corregidor - royally appointed official who administered an encomienda or other jurisdiction held directly by the crown corregimiento - an encomienda or other jurisdiction held directly by the crown criado - literally "servant", but more often a henchman or retainer departe - pertaining to a prívate party in a legal proceeding de oficio - pertaining to a governmental entity in a legal proceeding Glossary 585 despoblado - an extensive área without permanent setdements donado - a servant in a religious order encomendero - a person holding and exercising an encomienda encomienda - a grant of the right to collect tribute and/or labor írom an indigenous community, usually granted by the king as reward for service entrada - an expedition penetrating new territory escribano - a combination secretary, scribe, and notary estancia - a livestock ranch fiscal - court official roughly equivalent to a prosecuting attorney interrogatorio - questionnaire for interrogating witnesses juez deresidencia - investigatingjudge charged with conducting a residencia juez visitador - investigating judge conducting avisita ladino - culturally Hispanic though of another ethnic origin licenciado - university gradúate, roughly equivalent to modern masters level maestre de campo - field commander manta - shawl-like article of indigenous clothing common during and before the Spanish Colonial Period oidor - judge/legislator of an audiencia peso de orode minas - gold coin with standard valué of 450 maravedís peso deorocomún - unminted gold coin valued at roughly 2/3 a peso de oro de minas pesquisa - an official investigation or judicial inquiry pesquisador - investigating judge conducting a pesquisa principal - an indigenous leader procurador - legal representative or agent pueblo - status conferred on a setdement and its hinterland by the king indicating its intermediate size and importance; the term is still used to refer to the communities of a number of indigenous groups in New México and Arizona regidor - a member of the cabildo of a municipality (ciudad, pueblo, or villa) requerimiento - formal summons to submit to the authority of the king of Spain residencia - judicial review of the performanceof a royal official held at the end of the term in office secreta - when applied to testimony, taken out of the presence of other witnesses solar - a house lot Tierra Nueva - the newly discovered land, in Nueva España during the 1540s applied exclusively to what is now the Greater American Southwest tomín - a real or 1/8 of a peso vecino - a person with full political rights in a municipality; such rights were not automatic but granted by the cabildo after payment of a fee and pledge to establish and maintain a residence for a certain length of time; residents without full political rights were estantes villa - status conferred on a settiement and its hinterland by the king indicating its inferior size and importance visita - extraordinaryjudicial review of performance of officials visitador - investigating judge assigned to conduct avisita This page intentionally left blank ...