Inka Human Sacrifice and Mountain Worship: Strategies for Empire Unification

Notes

221 _ Notes prologue 1. Merello 1957, 22/no. 3. 2. Krahl 1957, 88; Reyes 1958, 70. 3. Prunes 1957, 20/no. 12. 4. Mostny 1957, 31–32. 5. López and Cabeza 1983, 475. 6. Krahl 1957, 86, 87, 91, 92. 7. Mostny 1957, 42–54. 8. Krahl 1957, 87. 9. Mostny 1957, 62. introduction 1. Aldhouse 1999, 58. 2. Aldhouse 1999, 65. 3. See Aldhouse 1999, 58–59. 4. Aldhouse 1999, 59. 5. Aldhouse 1999, 58. 6. Besom 1987, 1–2. 7. McIntyre 1975, 78; also see Besom 1987, 2–3. 8. Zuidema 1982, 429. 9. Mostny 1957, 5; also see Besom 1987, 31. 10. Vitry, Soria, and Miremont 2006, 15. 11. John Rowe 1946, 205/map 4; also see D’Altroy 1992, 2, 3/fig. 1.1. 12. John Rowe 1946, map 3 between 184 and 185, 185–92; also see D’Altroy 2002, 42/fig. 2.4, 43/fig. 2.5; D’Altroy, Williams, and Lorandi 2007, 88/ fig. 2. 13. D’Altroy 2002, 45; 1992, 2; also see John Rowe 1946, 205/map 4. 14. There is a growing body of evidence that the lords of Cuzco began their conquests earlier than previously thought. For instance, numerous radiocarbon dates from Chile and Argentina suggest that the 222 notes to pages 4–9 Inkas moved into these countries in the first rather than the second half of the fifteenth century (D’Altroy, Williams, and Lorandi 2007, 90–93; also see Bauer 1992, 36–48; D’Altroy 2002, 47; D’Altroy et al. 2000, 8, 15–16). 15. Kurtz 1978, 169. 16. Kertzer 1988, 2–3, 24–25, 174. 17. John Rowe 1946, 205/map 4, 208. 18. John Rowe 1946, map 3 between 184 and 185, 192/nos. 33–37; also see D’Altroy 2002, 42/fig. 2.4. 19. Larrain 1987, 231–34, map 1. 20. D’Altroy 2002, 43/fig. 2.5; D’Altroy, Williams, and Lorandi 2007, 88/ fig. 2. 21. In this book, I use many terms that come from Quechua, the language of the Inkas. Each term can be, and historically has been, written in various ways. For example, the word Inka has been spelled “Inca” and even “Ynga.” There are several explanations for said differences in orthography: no one-to-one correspondence exists between the letters of the Spanish alphabet and the sounds in Quechua, and there is regional variation in the pronunciation of the language (e.g., substituting o for u, so that ucha becomes ocha). Given these problems, I employ a phonemic alphabet to write numerous Quechua names and words. Jorge Urioste talks about the alphabet—the symbols that comprise it and the sounds that they represent—in his notes at the beginning of La nueva corónica (see Guaman Poma 1980a, xx–xxii). He also gives the phonemic spellings for many nouns that appear in Guaman Poma’s work (see 1980c, 1075–1108), which I have adopted. 22. See D’Altroy 2002, 43/fig. 2.5; D’Altroy, Williams, and Lorandi 2007, 88/fig. 2; Uribe 1999–2000, 66. 23. Hyslop 1984, 205; Larrain 1987, 234; also see D’Altroy 2002, 43 fig. 2.5; D’Altroy, Williams, and Lorandi 2007, 88 fig. 2. 24. D’Altroy 2002, 6–7; 1992, 9–10, 14–16. 25. D’Altroy 2002, 7–8; 1992, 1, 5, 19–24. 26. D’Altroy 2002, 249–60; 1992, 2, 74, 130, 133, 217, 218. 27. D’Altroy 1992, 73; Hyslop 1990, 147–48, 151; for examples of Inka forts, see Hyslop 1990, 155–86. 28. Cobo 1990, 172; also see Garcilaso 1961, 216, 283, 300, 301, 307, 316. 29. Cobo 1990, 172; 1979, 236. 30. Hyslop 1990, 333; 1984, xix; also see D’Altroy 2002, 238; 1992, 73. 31. Morris 1982, 153, 165–68; also see D’Altroy 1992, 133; Morris 1986, 63, 66; Morris and Thompson 1985, 165–66. 32. D’Altroy 2002, 248–49; 1992, 187–88; Hyslop 1990, 147–51. 33. D’Altroy 2002, 233–34; 1992, 132; also see Julien 1988; 1982. Notes to pages 9–13 223 34. D’Altroy 1992, 21–22. 35. D’Altroy 1992, 265–68. 36. D’Altroy 1992, 21. 37. D’Altroy 1992, 1–7. 38. D’Altroy 1992, 10. 39. D’Altroy 1992, 9–13; also see Burger 2007, 425. 40. See D’Altroy 2002, 9. 41. See Bello 1897, 173–74/no. 16; Besom 2000, 323; Cobo 1990...