Index
223 Index Abert, John James, 1, 174 age determination, 16–17, 149–50 albumin, 107 Allen, Grover, 121 Allen, Joel Asaph, 7, 17, 176 alpha males, 71–72, 83 American Society of Mammalogists, 122 Anderson, Sydney, 31 Arizona Game and Fish Commission (AZGFC), 119, 121, 122, 124 Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD), 145, 146–47 Arizona’s Tree Squirrels (Brown), 33, 183 Armstrong, D. M., 93 artifacts, 179, 181, 182 Audubon Magazine, 122 Bailey, Alfred, 95 Bailey, Vernon, 6, 51, 66, 94–95, 129; on coloration, 9, 11 Barber, C. M., 176 Barnes, I. R., 121 Baumgartner, L. L., 144 Beckwith, Mary, 179 behavior: alarm, 70; daily activity, 66–69; diurnal nature of, 66–67, 76; food caching, 51–52, 162; foraging, 66–67, 74; freezing, 66, 75; grooming, 66, 75, 76; kleptoparasitic, 76; maintenance, 67, 76; mating, 69, 70–72, 80, 88; nesting, 56–63, 72–73, 76; solitary play, 75 Bergmann, Carl, 17 Birds of Colorado (Bailey and Niedrach), 95 body length, 11, 14, 185, 188 body temperature, 5, 17–18 body weight, 11–12, 13, 185, 187 breeding. See mating Brown, David, 21, 33, 82, 145, 157 Cahalane, Vernon, 93, 97 Cary, Merritt, 7 census methods, 144–49; forest characteristics, 147; hunter success, 146–47; nest counting, 147; squirrel tracks, 146, 147–48; strip counts, 149; time-area counts, 149 chromosomes, 105–7 Chuska Mountains, 9, 164 claws, 12, 13, 84, 153 climate: and body mass, 17; and communal nesting, 73; estrus and, 81; and foraging, 67; global warming, 81, 169; and squirrel geographic distribution, 31. See also winter Cockrum, Lendell, 82 Colorado River, 2 coloration, 6–9, 17, 110–11; of dorsal patch, 10; genetics of, 9; of guard hair, 10; of lateral stripes, 10; of tail, 10–11; of tassels, 5–6 copulation, 70, 71–72, 82–83 Coues, Elliott, 5, 7 cranium, 16 cytochrome b gene, 112 Darwin, Charles, 117 diet, 38–39, 40, 49, 50–51, 52; acorns, 49, 52; caloric intake, 41, 46, 96; dwarf mistletoe, 38, 49; false truffles, 38, 39, 134, 162, 163; hypogeous fungi, 27, 29, 31, 38–39, 47–48, 52; inner bark, 29, 38, 39–42, 52, 144, 163; mushrooms, 51–52; ovulate cone seeds, 29, 38–39, 46–47; pollen cones, 38, 48, 52. See also feed trees digs, 134 Dodd, Norris, 22, 24, 25–27, 81, 161 Dodge, Nat, 97, 122 dorsal patch, 6, 9, 10, 117 Dutton, Clarence, 116 dwarf mistletoe: as dietary component, 38, 49; and forest ecology, 162, 164; and nests, 56, 57, 60–61, 63 ears, 15. See also tassels eastern fox squirrels, 136 embryos, 83–84, 186 epiphyseal cartilage, 149 estrus, 71, 72, 80–82 evolution, 42, 112, 117; history of tassel-eared squirrels, 183–84 extinction, 31; threat of, 98, 113, 120 faces, 11, 48, 75 224 I N D E X false truffles, 134–35; as dietary component, 38, 39, 134, 162, 163; and squirrel immune systems, 109–10 Farentinos, Robert, 57, 60, 69–70, 82, 95 faunal remains, 97, 179, 181, 182 feed trees: forest restoration efforts and, 160; growth rates of, 46; and nitrogen cycling, 133–34; rotation of, 45–46, 132–33; selection of, 42–44; terminal shoots of, 39–42, 45, 132, 133, 144–45. See also ponderosa pine trees feet, 12–13, 15 Ffolliott, Peter, 161 Findley, James, 31 food. See diet food caching, 51–52, 162 foraging, 66–67, 74 forest fires, 113, 158, 164 forest management, 157–64; and canopy cover, 135, 159, 162, 163–64; habitat preservation , 123, 124, 163; landscape models, 159; prescription fires, 163, 164; protection measures, 98, 118–19, 123–24, 163–64; removal of dwarf mistletoe, 162; restoration efforts, 113, 158, 159–60, 163; tree thinning practices, 113, 158, 161, 163, 164. See also ponderosa pine trees Forsyth, David, 106 fossils, 179, 180, 181, 183 Frost, Kent, 178 future research areas: body temperature, 18; communal nesting, 76; forest ecology, 139–40; forest management practices, 164; genetics, 113–14; habitat and home range, 34; Kaibab squirrel, 124; mortality, 101; population census, 153; reproductive physiology, 89–90 Galliziolli, Steve, 32 gastrointestinal (GI) tract, 41–42, 98 geographic distribution, 21, 30–31, 34, 111–12, 113; of subspecies, 23, 25. See also home range Gilbert, Paul, 87 glaciation, 112, 183 global warming, 81, 169 Goldman, Edward Alphonso, 9, 118, 120, 177 goshawks, 28, 95, 162 Grand Canyon, 2; National Game Preserve, 33, 118, 119; National Park, 117, 119, 123, 136, 164 gray squirrels, 7–8, 105, 106, 149...
OR
