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453 index Abernathy, Ralph, 128, 150, 244 abortion rights/reproductive rights, 269, 272–73, 305, 308 Abu Ghraib prison, torture of detainees in, 396 Acheson, Dean, 72, 75, 87 Adams, James Truslow, 20 Adams, Jane, 269 Addington, David S., 396–97 Adelman, Kenneth, 389, 391–92 Adickes, Sandra, 206 advertising industry, 39–40, 49–51 affirmative action, 282, 330, 356 Afghanistan: Soviet war in, 340; war in, 388, 392 Africa, new states in, 139, 151 African Americans: ambivalence about civil rights tactics, 150; community of, 125, 127–28, 244, 249, 267; culture of, 153–54, 181; economics of, 30, 400; effects of racism on, 113–14, 119; ghetto riots by, 245–46; harassment and humiliation of, 125–26, 128–30, 154–55, 217–18, 255; humanity of, 123–24, 130, 149; leadership of, 222, 244; migration by, 31–32; militancy of, 128, 176, 213–14, 224, 244, 262–63, 266, 282; politics and, 120, 212, 224, 256; rising expectations of, 124, 267; violence against, 209, 211, 222; whites and, 116, 124, 148–49, 246. See also civil rights movement; race relations; racism Agnew, Spiro, 304, 306 agriculture, 21, 47; as Big Agriculture, 53–54, 189–90; Southern, 116, 206; workers in, 116, 186 Agriculture, Department of, Communist influence in, 90–91 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (ADFC). See welfare programs AIDS epidemic, 272, 276–77 AIG, 387 air traffic controllers, Reagan firing, 327, 329 Akerlof, George, 336–37 alcoholism, in Soviet Union, 341 Aldrige, John, 38 alienation, 63; of African Americans, 176; of conservatives, 176; of intellectuals, 177–78, 188; message in rock, 183; Southern, 147–48; of youth, 176–77, 229 All in the Family, 277, 280 Allen, Frederick Lewis, 16, 75 American Capitalism (Galbraith), 52–54 American dream: of Bush and “neocons,” 390; death of, 348–49; homeownership in, 368 American Enterprise Institute, 309 Americans for Democratic Action, 223–24 Americans for Tax Reform (ATR), 334 Andersen, Arthur, 380 Anderson, Kurt, 289 Andropov, Yuri, 340 anti-intellectualism, 61, 137, 168 anti-Semitism, 106, 116–17, 399 anti-statism, in Buckley’s definition of conservatism, 171 anticommunism, 93, 96; call for nationwide focus on, 109–10; churches in, 96, 99–100; CIA activities in, 415n12; conservativism and, 171, 306; harshness of, 92–94, 98; loyalty programs in, 95, 97–98, 100; organizations for, 103, 105–7; postMcCarthy , 103–5; Reagan’s, 316, 323; reality of Red Menace, 88; as Red Scare, 85–86, 94–97; religion and, 100, 103–4, 106–7, 112, 454 Index 169; shifted to Islam, 399. See also House Committee on Un-American activities (HUAC); McCarthyism antinuclear movement, 79, 147 antipoverty programs: called destructive to public morality, 308; cut to pay for Vietnam War, 253; effectiveness of, 222, 326, 332; Johnson declaring war on poverty, 199–200; Reagan’s proposed programs for, 332. See also welfare programs antiwar movement, 225, 236, 250, 264; at Chicago convention, 257–59; draft and, 243–44; effects on North Vietnamese, 235; ex-Mississippi Summer Project volunteers in, 225 anxiety, 121, 374; about nuclear war, 78–81; Catholicism and, 101–3; of inner-directed people, 67; of other-directed people, 49, 51 Arkansas, resisting school integration, 131–32 Armey, Dick, 356, 360 Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 69 arts: black, 246–47, 266–67; funding for, 13–14, 200; gays and lesbians in, 275–77 Asia: communism in, 139–40; industry in, 284, 286, 288 atomic bombs. See nuclear weapons AT&T, broken up under Carter, 317–18 Atwater, Lee, 329 authoritarianism, overturned under liberals, 304 auto industry, declining, 287–88 automation, increasing in industry, 19 automobiles, 16, 34, 36–37 Ayres, William “Bill,” 261 Baby Boom. See population growth Bachman, Michelle, 311 Baer, George, 12–13 Baker, Ella, 212 Baker, Elsworth F., 305 Baker, Ray Stannard, 28 Bakker, Jim, 335 Baldwin, Hanson W., 69 Baldwin, James, 148–49, 244 Ball, George, 159, 163–65 banking system, 26, 295, 405n12, 406n18; 2008 recession and, 346, 386; credit cards and, 300–301; effects of credit default swaps and securitization on, 371–72; Federal Reserve System’s entanglement with, 15–16; government backup for, 336–37; Gramm pandering to, 356–57; LIBOR manipulation in, 344–45; mortgage loans and, 367, 369, 384; savings and loan scandal in, 338–39 Baraka, Amiri (“LeRoi Jones”), 213, 261, 266–67 Barber, Rims, 222 Barnett, Ross, 150, 152 Barton, Bruce, 17 Batista, Fulgencio, 135 Bawer, Bruce, 274–75 Bay of Pigs, 142, 145, 160 Bear Stearns, 298–99, 345, 378, 386–87, 3347 Beauvoir, Simone de, 193–94 Beckwith...

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