Damn Near White: An African American Family's Rise from Slavery to Bittersweet Success

Notes

161 Notes Chapter 1 1. E. Franklin Frazier, Black Bourgeoisie, 195. Chapter 3 1. Jessie Carney Smith,“J. Ernest Wilkins,” in Notable Black American Men. 2. W. Sherman Savage, History of Lincoln University, 134–35. 3.J.ErnestWilkins,“Toastmaster’sAddress,”presented during Lincoln University Founders ’ Day Celebration, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, 1941. 4. Ibid. 5. Arnold G. Parks, Lincoln University, 1920–1970, 89. 6. Wilkins,“Toastmaster’s Address.” 7. “Mann Loses Suit When Jury Verdict Favors Mrs. Spang,” University of Illinois Daily Illini (Urbana-Champaign), November 19, 1927. 8. Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, A Short Chronicle of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity—A Brief History, at http://www.kappaalphapsi1911.com/fraternity/history.asp, accessed February 21, 2009. 9.“J. Ernest Wilkins,” Who’s Who in America, 1952–1953. 10. Michael Washington and Cheryl Nunez,“Education, Racial Uplift and the Rise of the Greek-Letter Tradition,” in African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and Vision , ed. Tamara L. Brown, Gregory S. Parks, and Clerenda M. Phillips, 139. 11. Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, A Short Chronicle. 12. Chad Williams, “Battle Scarred: World War I, African American Officers, and the Fight for Racial Equality,” Africana Heritage 8 (2008): 8–9. 13. Molly Billings, “The Influenza Pandemic of 1918,” Human Virology at Stanford, at http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/, accessed February 21, 2009. 14. “A Chronology of African American Military Service,” at http://www.AfricanAmericans .com/MilitaryChronology3.htm, accessed February 21, 2009. 15. Ibid. 16. Eric Lawson and Jane Lawson,“Black Yankee: An Interview with Thomas Davis, First World War Veteran,”at http://worldwarI.com/sfdavis, accessed February 21, 2009; Smith,“J. Ernest Wilkins.” 17. Williams,“Battle Scarred,” 8–9. 18. Roi Ottley,“See Wilkins’ Post New Aid to Race,” Chicago Tribune, May 2, 1954. 19. J. Hockley Smiley,“Mrs. Jack Johnson Laid to Rest Saturday, Thousands See Funeral,” Chicago Defender, September 21, 1912. Chapter 4 1. University of Chicago Registrar,“College Transcript for J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.” 2. Laranita Dougas, telephone interview, December 18, 2008. 3. Constance Wilkins, telephone interview, June 15, 2008. 4. Ibid. 5. Dougas interview. Chapter 5 1. http://www.HeritageQuest.com., accessed May 23, 2007 2. Evangeline Roberts,“Old Harvard Grad Speaks at Bethesda,” Chicago Defender, October 29, 1927. 3.“The First Sermon of the Rev. Bird Wilkins,” Chicago Tribune, April 18, 1887. 4.“A Dissenting Colored Baptist,” Chicago Tribune, September 16, 1887. 5. Roberts,“Old Harvard Grad.” 6.“Hold Funeral Services for Rev. J. D.Wilkins,”Chicago Defender, August 20, 1938;“Rev. J. B. Wilkins of St. Louis, Yale Graduate, Buried,” St. Louis Argus, August 12, 1938. 7. Roberts,“Old Harvard Grad.” 8.“William Wilkins,” U.S. Census for Lafayette County, Mississippi, 1870. 9.“John Wilkins,” ibid. 10. Joel Williamson, William Faulkner and Southern History, 109. 11.“W. H. Wilkins,” U.S. Census for Lafayette County, Mississippi, 1860. 12. Evelyn Crocker, “Slave Records of Lafayette County MS,” MsGenWeb Project, at http://www.theusgenweb.org/ms/lafayette/slave_records.html, accessed February 21, 2009. 13. Don H. Doyle, Faulkner’s County: The Historical Roots of Yoknapatawpha, 132–33. 14. Ibid, 132. 15. Ibid. 16. Ibid., 128–29. 17. Ibid., 134. 18. George P. Rawick, Jan Hillegas, and Ken Lawrence, The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, 10:1925–31. 19. Doyle, Faulkner’s County, 226. 20. Heather Williams, Self-Taught: African-American Education in Slavery and Freedom, 205, 18. 21. Roberts,“Old Harvard Grad.” 22. Doyle, Faulkner’s County, 269–70. 23. Edward Mayes, History of Education in Mississippi, U.S. Bureau of Education, 1899, at http://books.google.com/books?id=MRycAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=edward +mayes&source=gbs_book. 24. Hollis Crowder, personal interview, January 8, 2009. 25. Anne Percy, The Early History of Oxford, Mississippi, 116–17. 26. Roberts,“Old Harvard Grad.” 27. Doyle, Faulkner’s County, 147. 28. Ibid., 284. 29. “Wilkins Is Persecuted: The Pastor of Liberty Church in Hard Lines,” Chicago Tribune , January 6, 1888. 30. Doyle, Faulkner’s County, 268. 162 Notes to Pages 29–47 Chapter 6 1. J. B. Wilkins deposit records, Memphis branch, Freedman’s Bank Records, National Archives, Washington, D.C. 2. Joan Hassell, ed., Memphis, 1800–1900, 3:24, 22. 3. Ibid., 27, 24. 4. Bobby L. Lovett,“Beale Street,” Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. 5. Williams, Self-Taught, 94. 6. Ibid., 36. 7. James W. Garner, Reconstruction in Mississippi, 359. 8. Williams, Self-Taught, 110–41. 9. Ibid., 161. 10.“J. B. Wilkins,” Memphis City Directory, 1874. 11. J. B...