Plotting the Prince: Shōtoku Cults and the Mapping of Medieval Japanese Buddhism

Notes

189 Notes Abbreviations used in the notes: DNBZ Dai Nihon Bukkyō zensho. 100 vols. Tōkyō: Bussho kankōkai, 1912–1922. Cited as DNBZ [volume number] ([section title], [volume title]), #[text number]: [page number(s)][column]. GR Gunsho ruijū. Edited by Hanawa Hokonoichi. 29 vols. Tōkyō: Zoku Gunsho Ruiju Kanseikai, 1930–1934. NKBT Nihon koten bungaku taikei. 102 vols. Tōkyō: Iwanami shoten, 1957–1968. NKD Nihon kokugo daijiten. 2nd ed. Edited by Nihon daijiten kankōkai, Nihon kokugo daijiten dai-ni-han henshū iinkai, and Shōgakkan kokugo jiten henshūbu. 14 vols. Tōkyō: Shōgakkan, 2000. OES Shōtoku Taishi on’e shiji. Based on a tracing copy (eisha-bon), kept in the Tōkyō University Historiographical Institute (Shiryō hensanjo document #3044-20). SNKBZ Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū. Edited by Satake Akihirō et al. 88 vols. Tōkyō: Shōgakkan, 1989–. SSO Shiryō sōran. Edited by Tōkyō Daigaku Shiryō Hensanjo. 17 vols. Tōkyō: Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1923–1963. SSS Shinshū shiryō shūsei. Edited by Chiba Jōryū and Ishida Mitsuyuki. 13 vols. Kyōto: Dōhōsha Shuppan, 1983. SSU Shiseki shūran. Edited by Kondō Heijō and Kondō Keizō. 33 vols. Kyōto: Rinsen Shoten, 1900–1903. STZ Shōtoku Taishi zenshū. Edited by Shōtoku Taishi Hōsankai. 5 vols. Tōkyō: Ryūgin-sha, 1942–1944. SZKT Shintei zōho Kokushi taikei. Edited by Kuroita Katsumi. 60 vols. Tōkyō: Yoshikawa kōbunkan, 1929–1964. T. Taishō shinshū daizōkyō. Edited by Takakusu Junjirō and Watanabe Kaigyoku. 85 vols. Tōkyō: Taishō Issaikyō Kankōkai, 1924–1932. Cited as T. [Taishō number], [volume number]: [page number(s)][column], [line number(s)]. ZGR Zoku gunsho ruijū. Edited by Hanawa Hokonoichi. 37 vols. Tōkyō: Taiheiyō Daigo Kōjō, 1957–1959. Cited as ZGR [volume number][A/B], p. [page number]. Introduction 1. The volume of scholarly literature on Shōtoku in Japanese is overwhelming, but a good starting point is two “dictionaries”: Mayuzumi and Takemitsu, Shōtoku Taishi jiten; and Ishida Hisatoyo, Shōtoku Taishi jiten. The best single source for images related to Shōtoku cults is the 1996 exhibition catalog Shōtoku Taishi shinkō no bijutsu from the Ōsaka Municipal Museum of Art. For narrative hanging scrolls, the most extensive reproductions can be found in the 1969 Nara National Museum exhibition catalog called Shōtoku Taishi eden and Shinkō no zōkei-teki hyōgen kenkyū iin-kai, Shin-shū jūhō shūei, vol. 7. 2. Nihon shoki records Shōtoku’s death as the fifth day of the second month of Suiko 29 (621); Shōtoku Taishi hōō teisetsu states that the prince passed away on the twenty-second day of the second month of Suiko 30 (622). 3. Most of the achievements attributed to Shōtoku may well be properly credited to Suiko. However, gender and power politics of the late seventh and early eighth centuries obscured almost any clear vision of her role in the early seventh century. See Piggott, Emergence of Japanese Kingship, 79ff. 4. Soper, “Pictorial Biography,” 198. 5. The figure who is today most commonly referred to as “Prince Shōtoku” has many different names. Perhaps most famous is “Prince Stable Door” (Umayado no ōji), derived from the tradition that his mother, Anahobe Hashihito, gave birth to him in front of a horse stable. The name “Prince Shōtoku” (Shōtoku Taishi, “Prince of Sagely Virtue”) first appeared in the introduction to Kaifūsō, an anthology of Chinese-style poetry (kanshi) compiled in 751 (see NKBT 69). Since then, it has been by far the most popular way to refer to the semi-deified figure, and this book uses that name as shorthand for the prince in all his guises. 6. For detailed discussion of the sculptural inscription, see Nara roku daiji taikan kankō-kai, Hōryū-ji 5, vol. 5 of Nara roku daiji taikan. See chapter 1 in this book for more information on the content and implications of the Śākyamuni Triad inscription . See also Iida Mizuho’s thorough study of the text of the embroidery, “Tenjukoku shūchō-mei o megutte.” 7. Jōgū Shōtoku hōō teisetsu (Imperial explanation of the Dharma King, Shōtoku of the Upper Palace) is a compilation of materials on Shōtoku from Hōryū-ji that dates to the middle to late eighth century (it also has a concluding section covering five generations after Emperor Kimmei that was likely...