The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha

Acknowledgments

aCknowledgMenTs This study is an extension of and complement to my first book, The Gates of Power, which dealt primarily with the political, judicial, and ideological powers of religious institutions. I therefore remain indebted to the same colleagues and friends who encouraged me during my years at Stanford as a graduate student and the early years of my life as a teacher. I would be remiss, however, if I did not again express my gratitude to my mentor, Jeffrey P. Mass, whose unwavering support made all the difference in a young scholar’s life. His premature passing in 2001 has left a void of scholarship, academic passion, and sagely advice that many still miss. For this manuscript, I have been fortunate to receive continued guidance and support from many colleagues. Above all, I benefited from the expertise and advice of Karl Friday to interpret and contextualize many terms on weaponry and warfare. Thomas Conlan’s works and knowledge were also instrumental in my endeavors to understand how the monastic forces fought. In short, without their works, the Heian and Kamakura worlds of violence and battles would have been considerably more difficult to grasp. I should also like to thank the participants for their insightful questions and comments at talks I was privileged to give at the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, Aoyama Gakuin, International Christian University in Tokyo, University of Oregon, at the annual meetings of the Association of Asian Studies in 1998 and 2003, and at the meeting of the European Association of Japanese Studies in 2005. For their support and interest during those occasions, I am especially indebted to G. Cameron Hurst III, Asai Kazuhiro, Ken Robinson, Andrew Goble, Mark Unno, Brian Ruppert, Roy Ron, and Paul Varley. I should furthermore like to express my profound gratitude to Hurst and William Wayne Farris for their careful reading of and suggestions to an earlier version of the manuscript. At Harvard I have benefited from the support of colleagues in several departments, but would like to express my thanks in particular to the members of the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. Harold Bolitho and Andrew Gordon have been particularly supportive during the last several years of this project, and Sun Joo Kim kindly assisted me with the Korean material. I am also indebted to Melissa McCormick and Yukio Lippit for their advice and suggestions concerning many of the works of art that appear in this book. I have additionally been helped by a generation of young scholars with various sections and would like to extend my thanks to Marjan Boogert, Jeffrey Moser, and Jungwon Kim. Ivan Grail deserves special mention for his careful reading and helpful comments. I should also like to acknowledge the staff at the Harvard-Yenching Library, as well as Gustavo Espada and Susan Kashiwa at my department, for their kind assistance whenever I needed help with various aspects associated with research. With the encouragement of such colleagues and friends, it has been a joy to complete this project, and I owe each and every one my gratitude. I have many Japanese scholars to thank for their interest and advice but will limit my acknowledgments to those I have pestered the most. Kondō Shigekazu has unselfishly spent hours, days, and even weeks discussing the reading and translation of important sources, as well as the general character of monastic forces in premodern Japan. I am grateful not only for the opportunities I have had to benefit from his expertise but also for the passion we share for the field and for engaging scholars both in and outside of Japan in the writing of Japanese history. Hotate Michihisa and Tajima Tadashi at the Historiographical Institute have likewise been supportive, and I continue to enjoy their friendship. Other colleagues from whom I havebenefitedincludeMotokiYasuo,KinugawaSatoshi,NedachiKensuke, and Mikawa Kei. Finally, I would like to offer my grateful thanks to the institutes and temples from which I have been privileged to obtain photos and permission to reprint them in this volume. I am especially indebted to Matsuōji Kazuhiro at Kitano Tenmangū, Mekata Zenji at Ishiyamadera, Aida Satoko of TNM Archives, and Mr. Ichiya Junzō, the executive director of the Sōjutsu School of the Hōzōinryū. Few scholars can complete their research projects without some financial support, and I am no exception. I am deeply indebted to the Japan Foundation for offering me the opportunity to work full time on the monastic forces during a wonderful year in...