The Dog Shogun

Notes

301 Notes Chapter 1: Prologue 1. TJ, 5:376, 6.urû8.Enpô 8; 5:377, 14.urû8, Enpô 8; Nakajima Yôichirô, Kikin, p. 8; Endô, Kinsei, p. 110. 2. Toda Mosui, p. 11. The Sanô shrine is known today as Hie Shrine and located at Nagata chô, Chiyodaku (p. 12, note 6). 3. Arai Hakuseki, Arai Hakuseki nikki, 2:79; Ryûkô sôjô nikki, 3:256–257. 4. Bunrosô, 18.1.Hôei 6. 5. Matsukage nikki, p. 285. 6. Konoe Motohiro, Motohiro kôki. Also cited in Endô, p. 153. 7. Segawa, pp. 98, 101. Motohiro was ¤nally appointed kanpaku in Genroku 3 (1690). Ibid., p. 113. 8. Deshima Diaries: Marginalia 1700–1740, p. 109; Deshima Dagregisters, ms., 15 April 1709, folio 172. 9. The author of Sannô gaiki is given as Tôbu Yashi. The characters of this name can be translated as “a popular account of the Eastern warriors” and was quite obviously a joke. In 1880 the work was published by Hokiyama Kageo. In this publication the names of historical personages appear that probably were absent in the original version. Pages are numbered on the face only, with no numbers on verso. An alternate spelling of the title is Sanô gaiki, but that used by Kokushi sô mokuroku has been adopted here. 10. Sannô refers to the three sage kings Yao, Shun, and Yü, featured as model rulers in the Confucian classics. 11. Matsuura Seizan, pp. 252–253. For the multiple meaning of Matsukage, see “Conventions.” 12. Nakase, Edo jidai no wairo hishi, pp. 10, 14, cites Sannô gaiki next to Ogyû Sorai’s work Seidan. For further discussion of the topic, see chapters 9 and 18. Sannô gaiki even ¤nds mention in the Cambridge History of Japan (Hall, p. 431, but here with the quali¤cation that the work “is not the most reliable.” 13. Wakita, p. 65. 14. For a translation of Kaempfer’s work, see Kaempfer’s Japan. For a discussion on how the word sakoku entered the Japanese language with the Japanese translation of Kaempfer’s work on the closure of the country, see p. 19. On how closed Japan was during this period, see Toby, State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan. 15. Sakata Morotô, “Kai shôshô Yoshiyasu ason jikki,” manuscript completed in 1897. 302 16. Ikeda, “Tokugawa shi shisei no chôshi o hyô su.” The article is also discussed in Tsuji Tatsuya, Kyôhô kaikaku no kenkyû, pp. 3–4. 17. For details of these works, see the bibliography. 18. Tokutomi, 17:78–79, 512. 19. Irizawa, pp. 1–12. 20. Shinshi, pp. 172–173. 21. Kurita Mototsugu, “Inu kubô ron” and “Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu ron.” For referencetoSann ôgaiki,see,forinstance,KuritaMototsugu,Edojidaishi,1:436–437andp.439, note 25, and further discussion of Kurita’s work in chapter 9 below. 22. Hayashi Yawara, Yangisawa Yoshiyasu. 23. Tsuji Zennosuke, “Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu no ichimen.” 24. Tsuji Tatsuya, Kyôhô kaikaku no kenkyû, pp. 39–80. 25. Tsuji Tatsuya, “Politics in the Eighteenth Century”; Shively, “Tokugawa Tsunayoshi”; Bolitho, “The Dog Shogun.” 26. Ienaga, p. 140. 27. Tsukamoto, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, pp. 289–297. For his other publications, see the bibliography. 28. Skinner, p. 209. 29. Erikson, p. 404. 30. For further discussion of this issue, see chapter 18. 31. Ôishi Shinzaburô, Nihon keizai shi ron, pp. 76–77, 86; Ôishi, Genroku jidai, pp. 139–140, 161, 186–187. Chapter 2: The Inheritance 1. De Vivero, p. 184 (my own translation from the French). 2. Cooper, They Came to Japan, p. 140. 3. Ibid., p. 46. 4. Hayashiya Shinsaburô, Tenka ittô, p. 323. 5. Sadler, p. 140. Totman, Tokugawa Ieyasu, pp. 48–49. Tokutomi, 13:524. 6. Hayashiya, Tenka ittô, p. 488. 7. Tokutomi, 11:16–17. 8. Ibid., 11–12. 9. Hayashiya, Tenka ittô, p. 509. 10. Kaempfer’s Japan, p. 49. Later (p. 182) he refers to Hideyoshi’s “illegal successor Ieyasu.” 11. Cooper, They Came to Japan, p. 120. 12. Tsuji Tatsuya, Edo kaifu, p. 145. 13. Ôkubo Hikosaemon, cited in Inagaki, p. 45; Buya shokudan as cited in TJ, 3:699. The fact that Tadanaga was the brighter child is, however, not mentioned in any of the printed versions ofBuya shokudan available today.TJ has Kunisendai instead of Kunimatsu for Tadanaga’s name. 14. See, for instance, Kôronsha Shuppan Kyoku, pp. 22–37; Kasuga no Tsubone Tôshô daigongen shukushi, cited in Ômaru, pp. 78–79. 15. TJ, 3:699. Notes for Pages 5–13...