Prisoners from Nambu: Reality and Make-Believe in 17th-Century Japanese Diplomacy

Notes

Notes ABBREVIATIONS ARA Algemeen Rijksarchief (Dutch National Archives) at The Hague BSDR Bijlvelt/Schaep Debriefing Report (ARA VOC 1148, tols. 355–392) BTLV Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde van Nederlands Indië GG Gouverneur Generaal (Governor General of the Dutch East Indies) HJAS Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies HSDJ Hanshu daijiten (Encyclopedia of Domains and Daimyo during the Edo Period) JAS Journal of Asian Studies JJS Journal of Japanese Studies KCSF Kansei chòshû shoka fu (Genealogies of the Various Warrior Houses Augmented and Improved during the Kansei Era) LV Linschoten Vereniging MGOA Mitteilungen der deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens MKMK Morioka Kòminkan (Morioka Municipal Archive, Iwate Prefecture) MN Monumenta Nipponica NB Naikaku Bunko (Japanese National Archives) in Tokyo NFJ Nederlandse Factorij Japan (Deshima Archive) at ARA NSSK Nambu-han sankò keizu (Genealogies of the Various Families Related to the Nambu Fief) RGP Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën (Historical Publications of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) RR Raden van India (Councilors of the Indies) SHJ Shiryòhensanjo (Historiographical Institute of Tokyo University) TASJ Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan TJ Tokugawa jikki (Veritable Records of the Tokugawa) TSTK Tòno Shiritsu Toshokan (Tòno Municipal Library) 172 Notes to Pages 3–11 VOC Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company Archive) at ARA YKMK Yamada Kòminkan (Yamada Municipal Archive) INTRODUCTION 1. The following explanation of what is known as the “Chinese World Order” draws heavily on John K. Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968). Although I am aware that Fairbank has come under attack from different directions for the past thirty years, for our purposes here his classical model of the Chinese World Order during the Ming dynasty is supremely relevant for Japanese diplomacy during the Edo period. 2. See Charles R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire (New York: Knopf, 1966); and by the same author, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire (New York: Knopf, 1969); see also Holden Furber, Rival Empires of Trade (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1976). 3. Charles R. Boxer, The Great Ship from Amacon (Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Historicos Ultramarinos, 1959). 4. Margaretha van Opstall, De reis van de vloot van Pieter Willemsz Verhoeff (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1972); and Derek Massarella, A World Elsewhere (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990). 5. Pieter van Dam, Beschryvinge van de Oostindische Compagnie, ed. F. W. Stapel and W. Th. van Boetzelaer (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1927–1954); Femme S. Gaastra, De geschiedenis van de VOC (Haarlem: Fibula-Van Dishoek; Antwerpen: Standaard Uitgeverij, 1982). 6. Mary E. Berry, Hideyoshi (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982). 7. Conrad Totman, Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu 1600–1843 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967); and by the same author, Early Modern Japan (Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1993). 8. Harold Bolitho, Treasures among Men (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974). 9. Like the notion of the Chinese World Order, the concept of sakoku has been under attack for the last two decades; see Ronald P. Toby, “Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu,” JJS 3, no. 2 (1977): 323–363; Ronald P. Toby, State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984); Arano Yoshinori, “Bakuhansei kokka to gaikò,” Rekishigaku kenkyû 1978 nendo taikai hòkoku tokushûgò (November 1978): 95–105; and Tashiro Kazui, “Foreign Relations during the Edo Period: Sakoku Reexamined,” JJS 8, no. 2 (1982): 283–306. 10. Charles R. Boxer, The Christian Century in Japan 1549–1650 (Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1967); Michael Cooper, They Came to Japan (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1965). 11. For the deification, see Willem Jan Boot, “The Death of Shògun: Deification in Early Modern Japan,” in John Breen and Mark Teeuwen, eds., Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami (London: Curzon, 2000), 144–166. Notes to Pages 11–22 173 12. For this and the following, see Yamamoto Hirofumi, Sakoku to kaikin no jidai (Tokyo: Azekura Shobò, 1995), 26–90; and Matsui Yòko and Reinier Hesselink, “Sakoku,” in Nichiran kòryû yonhyaku nen no rekishi to tenbò, ed. Leonard Blusse, Willem Remmelink, and Ivo Smits (Tokyo: Nichiran Gakkai [The Japan-Netherlands Institute], 2000), 41–42. 13. A. J. C. Geerts, “The Arima Rebellion and the Conduct of Koeckebacker ,” TASJ 11, no. 1 (1883): 51–116. 14. Charles...