A Generation Later: Household Strategies and Economic Change in the Rural Philippines

Index

Index 189 agrarian transformation: models of, 2 agricultural employment. See income agriculture, 29, 156; diversification of, 149–150; intensive, 1, 2, 34–35; intensification of, 5, 43–44, 46, 48–66, 102–103, 146, 148–151, 169n.1 Antique, 22 Aquino, Corazon, 34 barangay, 16, 38, 40 Boserup, Ester, 43 Brooke’s Point, 27, 100 Bulacan, 73 Burma, 18 Cagayan Valley, 27 Calamianes Islands, 23 Central Luzon, x, 27, 33, 72, 149, 169n. 1 Chayanov, A.V., 9, 89, 151 community, xi; frontier, x, 1, 2, 5, 100, 153; postfrontier, 1, 169n. 1; transitional, x; as a unit of study, 72, 92, 160 consumer price index, 56, 86 contract workers, 31 core households, xi, 77–79, 82, 170n. 2; and status order, 129. See also household Coron Island, 23, 48 Costa Rica, 151 Culion Island, 48 culture: national, 1; parochial, 1 Cuyo Island, ix, 6, 15, 21, 22, 23, 39, 47; and agriculture, 46 Cuyonon: culture, 6, 39, 109, 120, 156, 157–158; language, 2, 21, 39, 156, 157, 170n. 3; migrants, ix, 15, 22–23, 44, 100, 101, 102, 118, 119, 160 deforestation, 28, 41–43, 59, 83 Dumaran Island, 23 education, 80, 83–84, 88; and household strategies, 103, 118; Palawan State University, 38, 84, 87, 105, 116; elementary school, 38, 40, 99; high school, 40 English language, 156, 157 farm family households, 151–156, 162. See also household fertility, 107 field crops, 35, 48, 64–68, 149 fishing, 29, 44, 102, 109 homestead law, 47, 48 Hong Kong, 104 household, 7, 9–11, 48, 154–155; capital resources, 51; defined, 11–12; domestic cycling of, xi, 11, 78; labor, 50–51, 152; and landownership, 73–81; and means of production, 72; migrant, 77, 81, 85; plans, 108–112; postmarital residence, 36; as units of study, 11–14, 92–93, 106. See also core households; farm family households; offspring households identity, 157–159, 162 Ilocos, 27, 47, 160 Iloilo City, 21 income, 82–83; agricultural, 75, 79–81, 89, 91, 102–103, 150; diversification, 151; nonagricultural, 35, 73, 75–76, 79–81, 89, 91, 103–104 intensive cultivation. See agriculture Java, 18, 72, 86 kinship, 12, 36 kotadesai, 154. See also income; occupational diversification Kuwait, 105 labor investment, 43 languages: spoken in San Jose, 39 livestock, 44, 68–70, 102, 110, 114, 149 living standards, 83–85 logging: commercial, 28, 31, 47–48, 68, 83 lowland, 3–5, 17–18; deforestation, 42; migrants, x, 28–29, 42 maderep, 132 Malaysia, 161 Manila, 18, 21, 48, 69, 74, 84 Marcos, Ferdinand, x, 33, 34 market demand, 43–44; and vegetable gardening, 49 marriage, 36–37; and divorce, 37 Mindanao, x, 27 minerals, 30 monsoon, 45 NGOs, 31–32, 38, 42, 59 nonagricultural employment. See income Nueva Ecija, 73, 76 occupational diversification, 152–154. See also kotadesai; income off-farm employment. See income offspring households, 76–81, 86–90, 152; defined, xi; and economic strategies, 93–105; and income, 82–85; and inheritance, 99, 112, 117–119; organization of, 106–117; and status order, 129; type A, 106–107; type B, 106–107, 115. See also household oil, 29 overseas contract work, 104–105, 112 pagcabetang: and children, 144; defined, 126; and household rank, 124, 137, 159; and individual self-worth, 138–144; and individual social standing, 135–136; underlying cultural assumptions about, 130–135, 171n.1. See also social differentiation; status order Palawan Integrated Area Development Project, 34, 70 Panay Island, 22, 27 parental households. See core households peasant, 7–9, 73, 156; mode of production, 151 personal property, 84–85 personal worth, 1, 6, 135–137, 161; and the individual, 123 Philippine: national economy, 19; government, 19–20 population: growth, 23–27, 43, 48, 86, 156; of Tribal Filipinos, 42 prices: farm commodities, 170n.1, 170n.3 proletarianization, 7–10, 75, 90, 151, 152 Puerto Princesa City, 37, 39, 47, 74, 103, 158; education in, 84, 101; employment in, 35, 104–105, 109, 110, 112, 115, 147, 160; land prices in, 81, 88; livestock agents in, 69; location, 15–16; market demand in, 53, 67; marketplace of, 33, 38, 48, 56, 87, 104, 146; migrants from, 100, 124; “weekend farmers,” 150 puroks, 17 religion, 36, 39, 40; Catholicism, 140, 143–144; as a community, 160–161; evangelical Protestantism, 138, 142–144 Roxas, 37 190 Index San Pedro, 37 Santa Monica, 37 San Vicente, 37 sari-sari store, 85, 89, 102, 104 Saudi Arabia, 119 sawali, 101...