Familiar Medicine: Everyday Health Knowledge and Practice in Today's Vietnam

Notes

217 Notes Preface 1. T. Gammeltoft, “Women’s bodies, women’s worries” (Ph.D. diss., University of Copenhagen, 1996); now published as Women’s bodies, women’s worries (Richmond, Va.: Curzon Press, 1999). 2. “We” and “our” usually refers to my partner, Liz (a medical doctor); a Vietnamese woman acting as local guide, co-researcher, research assistant, or partial translator; and myself. Chapter 1. Place 1. The conversations reproduced here are transcripts of recorded pharmacy transactions. This one took place on 7 June 1996, in Kim Bang district, Nam Ha, 60 km from Hanoi. 2. D. Finer, T. Thuren, and G. Tomsen, “Tet offensive,” Social Science and Medicine 47 (1): 133–145. 3. J. Urry, Sociology beyond societies: Mobilities for the twenty-first century (London: Routledge, 2000); M. Castells, The rise of the network society, 2d ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000). 4. Ministry of Health, Masterplan for implementing Vietnam’s national drug policy (Hanoi: Ministry of Health, 1996); P. Lalvani, M. Murray, S. Olsson, J. Quick, A. Tomson, and S. Wibulpolpraset, “Masterplan for the NDP,” Hanoi, World Health Organization, Indevelop, 1997. 5. Nguyen Huu Hong, “Tinh hinh khang thuoc cua mot so vi khuan chu yey o Viet Nam,” Y Hoc Thuc Hanh 11 (328): 29–31. Southern China, immediately north of Vietnam, has some of the highest resistance rates in the world. 6. Proportions vary globally. In Asian countries, pharmaceuticals consume an average 50 percent of the total health spending (in Vietnam, 20 percent [Lalvani et al., “Masterplan for the NDP,” 1997]), while in Europe, figures are as low as 7 percent (G. Dukes, “Contribution of the private sector,” Australian Prescriber 20 [Supplement 1]: 74–75). 7. C. Nelson, P. A. Treichler, and L. Grossberg, “Cultural studies,” in Cultural studies, ed. L. Grossberg, P. A. Treichler, and C. Nelson (London: Routledge, 1992), 8. 8. Dao The Tuan, “Peasant household economy and social change,” in Vietnam’s rural transformation, ed. D. Porter and B. Kerkvliet (Boulder: Westview Press, 1995), 139–163. 9. P. Gourou, Les Paysans du Delta Tonkinoise (Paris: Les Editions d’Art et d’Histoire, 1936). 10. B. J. T. Kerkvliet and D. J. Porter, “Rural Vietnam in rural Asia,” in Vietnam’s rural transformation, ed. B. J. T. Kerkvliet and D. J. Porter (Boulder: Westview, 1995), 1–37. Families remain who lost significant land under socialism and who have never been compensated. 11. Gourou, Les Paysans du Delta Tonkinoise, 269. 12. N. C. Thien, “Flowers from hell,” Vietnam Forum 2:141–153, referenced in N. Jamieson, Understanding Vietnam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993). 13. Jamieson, Understanding Vietnam, 5. 14. Ibid., 1. 15. One survey of urban women documents them with twelve hours of discretionary time a week, and men with seventeen (Phung to Hanh, in M. Beresford, “Impact of macroeconomic reform on women in Vietnam” [UNIFEM, 1994], 21). 16. Ibid.; Le Thi, “Vietnamese women during the last ten years,” Vietnam Social Sciences 1 (45): 11–26. 17. Thuc Doan, T. Lam, et al., “Family under siege,” Saigon Times Weekly, 8 June 1996, 244:14–19. 18. Metronidazole. 19. A brand of cotrimoxazole. 20. Trimaxole, a kind of cotrimoxazole. 21. Researchers can obtain permission to work in certain places with certain organizations, but the exact roles of these organizations in supervising researchers are unclear. Beyond this, the security apparatus bears a separate responsibility for the activities of foreigners in their area, and bring surveillance and fear to the research relationship. Informally, I heard via a local security chief in another part of Vietnam that they were instructed to be particularly careful where foreign research students were concerned, and this caution included delaying and denying approval and access. 22. G. Porter, Vietnam (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1993). 23. T. Gammeltoft, Women’s bodies, women’s worries (Richmond, Va.: Curzon Press, 1999). 24. Jamieson, Understanding Vietnam, 1993. “When one gets married one is very dependent. For instance, if the husband’s parents sit by the table drinking tea, one may not be allowed to sit with them. If one sits down to have tea with them, they will scold one, because one has to sit on the bed, separately. It is very difficult for women in Vietnam, very difficult. One’s life is never relaxed, there is no equality. It is very feudal” (Mai in Gammeltoft, Women’s bodies, women’s worries, 189). 218 ✦ notes to pages 11–33 25. My Vietnamese was good enough to...